Liberalism in Spain from 1700 to 1874

The end of Absolutism

1788

Beginning of the reign of Carlos IV

1799

Napoleon's arrival to power

1805

Naval Battle of Trafalgar

1807

Signing of the Treaty of Fontainebleau

1808

Aranjuez Revolt´

1812

The first Spanish constitution

1814

Withdrawal of the French army from Spain

The beginning of Liberalism

1833 - 1843

The regents

1833 - 1840

First Carlist War

1837 - 1845

Constitutions

1836 - 1845

Mendizábal and Madoz

1844 - 1854

Moderate decade

1854 - 1856

Progressive Biennium

1856 - 1868

crisis of moderantism

1865 - 1866

The economy

The Democratic Sexennium

1868

The revolution of 1868 'La Gloriosa'

1869

Democratization of politics

1871 - 1873

The monarchy of Amadeo I

1873 - 1874

The first Republic

At this time, the new president of Spain (Godoy) returned to the policy of alliances with France following the tradition of Family Pacts of the 19th century. XVIII. So Spain and France join forces against Great Britain.

The British defeat the union between France and Spain in this naval battle

CENTRALISM

There were 2 constitutions during the regency and the reign of Isabel The first constitution occurred during the regency of María Cristina (1837) and was drafted by the progressive parliament against the wishes of the regent. The second (1845) favored Queen Elizabeth and was approved by the moderate parliament Although both constitutions had things in common - Sovereignty is not belonged Alone to the monarch - Abolished inequality before the law of the society divided into estates of the kingdom - Rights of citizens

TWO-PARTY SYSTEM

CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY

After the death of Fernando VII there were two contenders for the throne, Carlos, Fernando’s brother, and Fernando's daughter, Isabel. Both presented very different policies. The Carlists were supporters of absolutism while those who supported Isabel wanted a moderate transition to liberalism. At the end of this war Isabel's supporters won

King FernandoVII died in 1833 and left the throne to his daughter Isabel, but she was a minor so she could not reign, so while she reached the age to reign there were two regents. From 1833 to 1840 the regent was his mother Maria Cristina and from 1840 to 1843 it was General Espartero. And during this period the foundations of liberalism were laid

May 2, 1808 → Revelation of the people of Madrid against the French troops occupying Madrid

Fernando VII (son of Carlos IV, therefore successor to the throne) was a personal enemy of President Godoy and did not agree with his policies, which is why he led the uprising of the Aranjuez revolt. Where he asked his father to abdicate (in the end he did) and where Godoy almost lost his life and was forced to resign

Very conservative government based on the constitution of 1845. The progressives were marginalized and the Democratic Party was suppressed, the latter defending universal suffrage.

THE COURTS OF CADIZ:

MAIN IDEAS OF THE CONSTITUTION:

The Central Board met in Seville to vote for the people's representatives in the first parliament and to draft a constitution. And as the only territory that was not occupied by the French army was Cádiz, the elected candidates (influenced by liberal ideas) and they approved the constitution

It began when a group of moderate, progressive and democratic troops took power in the Vicalvarada rebellion.Industrial development and the construction of railways were imposed, an attempt was made to liberalize politics in a context of social unrest. And at a time when the moderates were worried about a revolution, the queen handed over power to them.

There was notable economic growth during the first years. However, in 1865 great social unrest began to grow in the context of an international economic crisis and a coup d'état was planned from abroad. Progressives, Democrats, Republicans and the Liberal Union (also marginalized from power) signed the Ostende Pact (1866). Two years later, a military rebellion started a revolution.

1788

A year later the French Revolution begins, his cousin in France (Louis XVI) is imprisoned and tried, and to help him, Spain sends troops against the National Convention (unsuccessfully)

RETURN OF FERNANDO VII TO SPAIN:

The uprising spread throughout the rest of Spain. In different kingdoms and provinces, Defense Juntas were formed to organize the war of independence from France and a Central Junta assumed the government that was forced to ally with Great Britain, which sent troops to Spain. Clashes continued that demonstrated French dominance, the sieges in cities such as Zaragoza, Girona and Vitoria were the most dramatic. These defeats led the people to form guerrillas and this decision was key in the Spanish victory. After six years of violence, destruction and looting, French troops evacuated Spain in 1814.

This treaty allowed French troops to enter Portugal to attack this country that was allied with England through Spain.

The moderate party and the liberal union alternated in power. The opposition was excluded from parliament and the military, students and politicians were repressed.

DESAMORTIZACIONESLand expropriated by the state to be sold at auction. This mainly affected assets that were property of the town councils and the church (whose power was very limited). Thanks to the confiscations, the state had sufficient financial resources to confront the Carlists

The two main confiscations were carried out by Mendizabal (1836) and Madoz (1855).

A constitution was approved, the most advanced fundamental law to date and included- Principles of national sovereignty - Universal suffrage - Freedom of religion - Expansion of the bill of rights

The constitution established a monarch but they did not want it to be a Bourbon so theyselected Amadeo I from the Savoya family (from Italy) who was supported by Prim

Isabel II went into exile in France and the Democratic Sexennium began, based on theagreement reached in Ostend, generals Juan Prim and Serrano organized this revolution.

It lasted only 11 months and during this period there were 4 presidents (Figueras, Pi y Margall, Salmerón and Castelar) and none managed to resolve the political disagreement over the degree of federalism of the state