Interactive eukaryotic cell poster

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Click on each "+" to explore the Animal Cell and its Organelles

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Cell

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Cell Membrane/Plasma Membrane Semi-permeable barrier controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Mitochondria Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, generating ATP through cellular respiration to provide energy for cellular functions.

Ribosomes Ribosomes are molecular machines that synthesize proteins by translating mRNA into polypeptide chains.

Lysosomes Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.

Nucleus The nucleus houses the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities by regulating gene expression.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) The ER is a network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis, with the rough ER studded with ribosomes for protein production and the smooth ER involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.

Golgi Apparatus The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Cytoplasm Gel-like substance where organelles are suspended and cellular activities occur.

Click on each button to explore the Plant Cell and its Organelles.

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Plant Cell

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The Golgi apparatus/Golgi Body modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

The control center of the cell containing DNA and governing cell activities.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) The ER is a network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis, with the rough ER studded with ribosomes for protein production and the smooth ER involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.

Mitochondria Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, generating ATP through cellular respiration to provide energy for cellular functions.

Chloroplast Chloroplasts conduct photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose.

Vacuoles are storage organelles that hold various substances such as nutrients, waste products, and contribute to turgor pressure in plant cells.

Prokaryotic cells have no membranous organelles and their activity takes place in the membrane. The way they receive nutrients can be autotrophic and heterotrophic.

HORIZONTAL infographic

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prokaryotic cell

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Prokaryotic organisms were the first living beings to appear on Earth, some 3.5 billion years ago. Their internal structure was very simple, with DNA scattered in the cytoplasm, in a region called the nucleoid that was not separated from the rest of the cytoplasm.

Function

• This is where DNA is found.

Nucleoid

Composition

• One of the distinctive elements of a prokaryotic cell is that it lacks a nucleus. Instead it has a nucleoid, an irregular region located inside the cells.

Nucleoid: DNA is made up of a circular DNA molecule. It’s dispersed in the cytoplasm, in an area called the nucleoid.

ribosomes

Function

• Organelles in the cytoplasm, responsible for protein synthesis.

Ribosomes: These are the only organelles present in prokaryotic cells.

plasma membrane

Composition

• In some places, the plasma membrane folds inwards forming mesosomes, structures involved in cellular respiration and reproduction.

Funtion

• Regulates the entry and exit of substances into the cell.

Plasma membrane: As well as this membrane, the structure of the prokaryotic cell contains: Bacterial capsule: Some prokaryotic cells may have a thick, rigid capsule that wraps around the outside. Cell wall: A strong, rigid envelope that shapes the cell between the plasma membrane and the bacterial capsule (if any). Cytoplasm: Internal space delimited by the plasma membrane. Flagella: They are extensions of the cytoplasm that allow movement in some bacteria. Fimbriae and pili: They are short and numerous filaments that have various functions, such as fixing the bacteria to the substratum or exchanging molecules with other cells or with the outside.

This is a general overview of the various organelles within a eukaryotic animal cell.

Introduction to Cells