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Conceptual Map Morphological Concepts

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Created on May 17, 2024

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Transcript

Morphological Concepts

An Introductory English Grammar, Norman C. Stageberg (Morphemes p. 83-96)

Prescriptive Grammar
Structural Grammar
Descriptive Grammar
Grammar
Meaning
Meaning
Meaning
Meaning
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Morpheme
Suffix
Morphology
Prefix
Affix
Derivational suffixes
Allomorphs
Inflectional suffixes
Meaning
Meaning
Meaning
Meaning
Meaning
Meaning
Meaning
Meaning
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.

Prefixes

Prefixes are bound morphemes that occur before a base. They are a small class of morphemes (27), and often their meanings are the English prepositions and adverbials.

Inflectional Suffixes

The Infllectional Affixes are schematized as:

  1. {-s pl.}
  2. {-s sg ps}
  3. {-s pl ps}
  4. {-s 3d}
  5. {ING vb}
  6. {-D pt}
  7. {-D pp}
  8. {-ER pp}
  9. {-EST cp}

(The words attached to these are called stems, which include base or bases and all the derivational affixes.)

Derivational Suffixes

Derivational Suffixes are suffixes that are not intentional with the following characteristics:

  1. The words with which derivational suffixes combine is an arbitray matter.
  2. A lot of times, it changes the part of speech of the word to which it is added.
  3. They usually do not close off a word.

Morphemes

Morpheme is a short segment of language that meets 3 criteria:

  1. Word or part of a word that has meaning.
  2. It cannot be divided into smaller parts without affecting its meaning.
  3. It recurs in differing verbal environments with a relatively stable meaning.
Types of mosphemes:
  • Free: morphemes are the ones that can be uttered alone with meaning.
  • Bound: it cannot be uttered alone with meaning.

Suffix

Suffixes are bound morphemes that occur after a base. They can go to three or four in a single word.

Allomorphs

Allomorphs is a morpheme that may have more than one element.Types of Allomorphs:

  • Additive: the ones that form words by adding prefixes and suffixes to bases.
  • Replacitive: here instead of adding prefixes or suffixes, we replace the parts of the word (also called "infixes)

Affixes

An Affix is a bound morpheme that happens before or within or after a base.Types of Affixes:

  • Prefixes.
  • Infixes: bound morphemes that are insterted within a word (they are more commonly replacements); they occur in noun plurals, past tense & past participle verbs.
  • Suffixes.

Grammar

Grammar is the part of the linguistics that studies the elements of a language as well as the way they are organized and combined.

Structural Grammar

The Structural Grammar focuses on analyzing the meaning carried by the syntactic patterns that morphemes and words make with each other.

Descriptive Grammar

The Descriptive Grmmar refers to the way people actually use the language on a daily basis.

Prescriptive Grammar

The Prescriptive Grammar is about the norms that regulate the language.