Human nutrition

Human Nutrition!

By Eliel,Stephen,and Gabriel

INTODUCTION

FIBRE

AGENDA

Folk Music

WATER

MINERAL IONS

Introduction

𝓘𝓷𝓽𝓻𝓸𝓭𝓾𝓬𝓽𝓲𝓸𝓷

In IGCSE Biology, human nutrition refers to the process by which humans obtain and utilize nutrients necessary for growth, repair, and maintenance of their bodies.

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Varying Dietary Needs of Individuals

𝓥𝓪𝓻𝔂𝓲𝓷𝓰 𝓓𝓲𝓮𝓽𝓪𝓻𝔂 𝓝𝓮𝓮𝓭𝓼 𝓸𝓯 𝓘𝓷𝓭𝓲𝓿𝓲𝓭𝓾𝓪𝓵s

Mineral ions

Iron

Source of mineral: Red meat, liver, kidney, eggs, groundnuts, whole grains, brown rice, spinach, and green vegetables Importance of mineral: Iron, found in haemoglobin in red blood cells, is crucial for carrying oxygen throughout the body. It's stored by the liver and used to make more haemoglobin. Symptoms caused by lack of mineral: Iron-deficiency anaemia.This condition affects oxygen transport and can cause fatigue and weakness.

Source of mineral: Milk (liquid, skimmed, or dried), cheese, and 'hard' water are primary sources of calcium in the diet, with small quantities found in most foods. Importance of mineral: Contributes to the hardness of bones and teeth. It is essential for normal blood clotting, muscle contraction, and the transmission of nerve impulses. Symptoms caused by lack of mineral: rickets, characterized by fragile bones prone to fractures, as well as weak and brittle nails, and muscle cramps.

Calcium

Dietary Fibre!

𝓓𝓲𝓮𝓽𝓪𝓻𝔂 𝓕𝓲𝓫𝓻𝓮!

• Consuming vegetbles and fresh plant material introduces a significant amount of plant cells into our diet. However, since humans lack the enzymes needed to digest cellulose, which makes up plant cell walls, these walls pass through to the large intestine undigested. This undigested portion is referred to as fiber or roughage.

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• Dietary fiber boosts colon volume and water retention, leading to softer feces and quicker elimination of undigested material. These effects aid in preventing constipation and maintaining colon health.

Water

𝔀𝓪𝓽𝓮𝓻

• Water serves as a vital transport medium in the body, carrying digested food, salts, and vitamins in the bloodstream while facilitating the removal of waste products like excess salt and urea by the kidneys. Additionally, water aids in digestion by breaking down insoluble substances into soluble ones, which are then absorbed into the bloodstream. Within cells, water participates in various reactions as both a reactant and a solvent.
• water loss occurs through evaporation, sweating, urination, and breathing, so, we have to replace this by taking in water.

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mineral ions, also known as mineral salts or minerals, are essential for the body, along with carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus obtained from proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. These mineral ions are acquired through the food we consume.