MEDICAL DNA PRESENTATION

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Prof.ssa Francesca Antinone

LA GENETICA E MENDEL

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medicAL DNAPresentaTION

Index

6. Section

5. Section

2. WORD CLOUD

1. VIDEO

11. Section

3. GIOCO

7. Section

4. GIOCO

9. Section

8. Section

12. Section

10. Section

LA BRANCA DELLA BIOLOGIA CHE STUDIA LE MODALITA' DI TRASMISSIONE DEI CARATTERI EREDITARI SI CHIAMA GENETICA

1. LA GENETICA

IL FONDATORE DELLA GENETICA FU L'ABATA E MATEMATICO GREGOR MENDEL.MOLTO PRIMA DELLA SCOPERTA DEL DNA E DEI CROMOSOMI, FORMULO' TRE LEGGI CHE SONO ANCORA OGGI ALLA BASE DELLA GENETICA.

GREGOR MENDEL

2. PERCHE'MENDEL USO' LA PIANTA DEL PISELLO?

IL CICLO E' BREVE

SI RIPRODUCE PER AUTOIMPOLLINAZIONE

PRESENTA 7 CARATTERI OSSERVABILI(2 VARIANTI ALTERNATIVE)

PRODUCE UN GRANDE NUMERO DI SEMILEGGE DELLA PROBABILITA'

PERCHE' MENDEL STUDIO' LA PIANTA DEL PISELLO?

• MENDEL ALL'INIZIO STUDIO' SINGOLI CARATTERI UNO ALLA VOLTA
• INCROCIO' LE LINEE PURE IN DUE DIVERSE VARIANTI PER IL CARATTERE PRESCELTO. (Colore del fiore rosso o bianco)
• LA GENERAZIONE PARENTALE E' CHIAMATA P
• LE GENERAZIONI SUCCESSIVE FIGLIE SONO CHIAMATE F1, F2, F3.

PRIMA LEGGE DI MENDEL

Da questo primo incrocio, Mendel ottenne tutti fiori rossi. Ripeté moltissime volte l’esperimento anche con altri caratteri, ma ebbe sempre lo stesso risultato che lo portò a formulare la sua prima legge della dominanza dei caratteri.

Formulò quindi la sua seconda legge, detta della segregazione dei caratteri.

Inaspettatamente ricomparve il carattere recessivo.

Mendel incrociò poi gli ibridi ottenuti.

SECONDA LEGGE DI MENDEL

Mendel ipotizzò che ogni carattere fosse controllato da coppie di unità fisiche distinte, che chiamò fattori (oggi alleli), che si separano durante la formazione dei gameti in modo tale che ogni gamete contiene un solo allele. Con la fecondazione, poi, le coppie degli alleli si riformano riassortendosi.

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THANKS!

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Il polline prodotto da un fiore può fecondare l’ovulo dello stesso fiore, così Mendel ottenne linee pure per ogni carattere, cioè esemplari che, generazione dopo generazione, presentano sempre le stesse caratteristiche, come il colore del seme oppure del fiore.

AUTOFECONDAZIONE

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