MEDICAL DNA PRESENTATION

LA GENETICA E MENDEL

Prof.ssa Francesca Antinone

START

Index

1. LA GENETICA

9. Section

5. 2° LEGGE

2. MENDEL

10. Section

6. Section

3. LA PIANTA DEL PISELLO

7. Section

11. Section

4. 1° LEGGE

12. Section

8. Section

1. LA GENETICA

LA BRANCA DELLA BIOLOGIA CHE STUDIA LE MODALITA' DI TRASMISSIONE DEI CARATTERI EREDITARI SI CHIAMA GENETICA

GREGOR MENDEL

IL FONDATORE DELLA GENETICA FU L'ABATA E MATEMATICO GREGOR MENDEL.MOLTO PRIMA DELLA SCOPERTA DEL DNA E DEI CROMOSOMI, FORMULO' TRE LEGGI CHE SONO ANCORA OGGI ALLA BASE DELLA GENETICA.

PERCHE' MENDEL STUDIO' LA PIANTA DEL PISELLO?

PRESENTA 7 CARATTERI OSSERVABILI(2 VARIANTI ALTERNATIVE)

IL CICLO E' BREVE

PRODUCE UN GRANDE NUMERO DI SEMILEGGE DELLA PROBABILITA'

SI RIPRODUCE PER AUTOIMPOLLINAZIONE

PRIMA LEGGE DI MENDEL

• MENDEL ALL'INIZIO STUDIO' SINGOLI CARATTERI UNO ALLA VOLTA
• INCROCIO' LE LINEE PURE IN DUE DIVERSE VARIANTI PER IL CARATTERE PRESCELTO. (Colore del fiore rosso o bianco)
• LA GENERAZIONE PARENTALE E' CHIAMATA P
• LE GENERAZIONI SUCCESSIVE FIGLIE SONO CHIAMATE F1, F2, F3.

Da questo primo incrocio, Mendel ottenne tutti fiori rossi. Ripeté moltissime volte l’esperimento anche con altri caratteri, ma ebbe sempre lo stesso risultato che lo portò a formulare la sua prima legge della dominanza dei caratteri.

SECONDA LEGGE DI MENDEL

Mendel incrociò poi gli ibridi ottenuti.

Inaspettatamente ricomparve il carattere recessivo.

Formulò quindi la sua seconda legge, detta della segregazione dei caratteri.

Mendel ipotizzò che ogni carattere fosse controllato da coppie di unità fisiche distinte, che chiamò fattori (oggi alleli), che si separano durante la formazione dei gameti in modo tale che ogni gamete contiene un solo allele. Con la fecondazione, poi, le coppie degli alleli si riformano riassortendosi.

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2. PERCHE'MENDEL USO' LA PIANTA DEL PISELLO?

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THANKS!

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AUTOFECONDAZIONE

Il polline prodotto da un fiore può fecondare l’ovulo dello stesso fiore, così Mendel ottenne linee pure per ogni carattere, cioè esemplari che, generazione dopo generazione, presentano sempre le stesse caratteristiche, come il colore del seme oppure del fiore.

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