Settlement to Colony

Settlement to Colony

Start

Table of content:

Lesson 1:Arrival of the Garinagu

Lesson 2: Belize the Colony= The War of Yucatan

Lesson 2: Belize the Colony= The Anglo Guatemalan Treaty

Lesson 3: Crown Colony

Lesson 4: World War 1

Introduction

Closure

Lesson 1: Arrival of The Garinagu

1635- Two Spanish ships wrecked off the coast of St. Vincent and Africans slaves escaped.1675- Another shipwreck caused a surge of Africans to arrive to St. Vincent. Slaves who got broken free from plantations also made their way to the Island.

Timeline of the Arrival of the Garinagu

Timeline of the Arrival of the Garinagu:

1750= The culture of Garinagu, a mixed of the Arawaks, Yellow Caribs and African people, grew stronger and prospered in St. Vincent.1763= British Settlers started establishing presence on St. Vincent. The French had partially settled in the Island. Both, French and British started fighting over the territory. The Garinagu sided with French due to a trading relationship.1763-1795= There was a 32 year conflict with the Caribs against Europe, mainly British. There was an intermarriage between the Caribs and Europeans and had an new race, “Red Carib Race” or “Island of Dominica”.

Timeline of the Arrival of the Garinagu:

1795= On March 14th, the Paramount Chief of the Black Caribs, Joseph Chatoyer, died in battle. It was reported to his daughter and she moved to British Honduras with her five sons.1799= 1st reported contact with British Honduras.1801= March 25th-Garinagu arrived to Belize City for 2 days and spotted many white buildings near sea. They called it Yarbura.1823= November 19, five hundred Garinagu settled in Belize.

Timeline of the Arrival of the Garinagu:

1873= November 19th, 500 Garinagu settled in Belize. There was a largest recorded exodus of Garinagu to Belize.1941= The 1st Celebration of Garinagu Settlement Day in Belize, the Carib Disembarkation Day which was founded by Thomas Vincent Ramos.1943= Ramos lobbied for a Public and Bank Holiday. Two years after it was granted only for Stann Creek.

Lesson 2:Belize the colony

02

The War of Yucatan

- Genially

Belize the Colony:The War of Yucatan

• A lengthy war (1847 - 1904)
• Was between the native Maya people of Yucatan (Mexico) and the population of European descent (Yucantecos) in political and economic control.

• Ensued between the Yucantecos forces in the north-west of the Yucatan and the independent Maya in the southeast.

• Officially ended with the occupation of the Maya capital of Chan Santa Cruz by the Mexican army in 1901.

Belize the Colony:The War of Yucatan

• Well-known episode of the Yucatecan past
• had a profound influence on the history of Northern Belize.

• • Two major towns grew in the north a few minutes from the Mexican border as the result of the war
• Corozal Town, which is named after the forest of Cohune Nuts Palm, founded by refugees from the massacre at Bacalar during the Caste War in 1849.

• The Cohune nuts were used for its meat, oil, and palm fronds.

Belize the Colony:The War of Yucatan

• Orange Walk, another major town, was founded from the flow of refugees from the Caste War.
• Orange Walk Town grew as the sugar industry flourished.
• The closing of the Libertad sugar factory, became the sole processor of cane.

The Anglo-Guatemalan Treaty

- Genially

Belize the Colony: The Anglo-Guatemalan Treaty

• Britain and Guatemala began negotiatate to come to an agreement on the southern and western borders of Belize as the refugees from the Caste War began to settle in Northern Belize.

• Spain gave the Baymen larger boundries to cut logwood within several treaties signed.
• 1859= The Anglo-Guatemalan Treaty gave Britain sovereignty over the territory we now know as Belize.

Belize the Colony: The Anglo-Guatemalan Treaty

1859= There were other treaties signed before the Anglo-Guatemalan Treaty, namely: • 1850= Clayton-Bulwer Treaty between USA & Britain agreed not to colonize any part of Central America but were left doubted about British influence in Belize, Mosquito Shore and Bay Islands.• 1856= Dallas- Calrendon Treaty, again between USA & Britain, which were called for the dispute to be settled between Guatemala and Britain in 2 years.

Belize the Colony: The Anglo-Guatemalan Treaty

• British's reason for negotiating the Anglo-Guatemalan Treaty was to regulate its relations with the Central American Republics.
• Guatemala's reason for negotiating the Anglo-Guatemalan Treaty was because they were interested in securing its borders and national interests from American interests.

• Charles Lennox Wyke and Pedro de Aycinena were the negotiators who worked on creating the international borders between Belize and Guatemala.

Belize the Colony: The Anglo-Guatemalan Treaty

• Official title of the treaty is “Convention between Her Majesty and the Republic of Guatemala, relative to the Boundary of British Honduras”
• The governments of Britain and Guatemala used treaty an agreement to define the border of British Honduras(Belize).
• April 30th, 1859=The treaty was signed in Guatemala City had 8 articles.
• The article of controversy was what Article 7 to become in the future.
• British was to assist Guatemala to build a road to the Atlantic Coast
• It was to settle the boundaries dispute and part of has lead to Guatemala’s claim of Belize.

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1862= British Honduras was a settlement which became a colony and was recognized as part of the British Commonwealth.• 1863= 50,000 pounds were agreed to be paid by the British for the road to be finished in four years and once Guatemala accepted in six months, thiswould fulfill Article 7 and would be end of dispute.• Guatemala was at war with El Salvador so they did not signed in the six months.

Belize the Colony: The Anglo-Guatemalan Treaty

Belize the Colony: The Anglo-Guatemalan Treaty

1884= British stopped and refused to talk after this and Guatemala tried to negotiate.• 1933= British Honduras hired surveyors to survey boundaries of British Honduras.• 50,000 pounds plus interest was wanted by but British refused and wanted to take it to Int’l Court of Justice. Guatemala refused.

Belize the Colony: The Anglo-Guatemalan Treaty

• 1945= Guatemala amended constitution and included British Honduras.

• 1948= Guatemala threaten to take British Honduras by force.
• 1920-1980= Independence was sought
• 1964= British Honduras gained the right to self government.

• June 1st, 1973= The country’s name was changes to Belize.
• 1981= Independence from Great Britain was finally achieved.

Belize the Colony: The Anglo-Guatemalan Treaty

1884= British stopped and refused to talk after this and Guatemala tried to negotiate.• 1933= British Honduras hired surveyors to survey boundaries of British Honduras.• 50,000 pounds plus interest was wanted but British refused and wanted to take it to Int’l Court of Justice. Guatemala refused.

Lesson 3:Crown Colony

By:

03

Crown Colony

British Honduras achieved independence in the 1650s and later became a British colony in 1862, with governance coming from Jamaica. Why British Honduras became a colony?-British Honduras became a colony due to settlers feeling threatened by Maya resistance and demands for rent, as well as military victories won by Maya leaders over the British. British Honduras(1871-1950) The legislative Council, established in 1871, was overseen by the Governor who held the seat of power in the colony. Throughout this period, there was a significant arrival of immigrants from the West Indies, India, China, and the Middle East, as well as American Confederates settling in the region.

Crown Colony

• British Honduras(1871-1950) Immigration

-Chinese, East Indian, American Confederates, Jamaican, and Barbadian individuals were all brought in to work in different areas of the economy in British Honduras, with the Chinese and East Indians focusing on the sugar industry in the north and south, the American Confederates investing in agriculture in Toledo, and Jamaican and Barbadian police addressing lawlessness in the north. British Honduras(1871-1950) -In the late 1800s, the United States became more important in British Honduras, leading to the establishment of the British Honduran Dollar, the extraction of mahogany and other resources by the Belize Estate and Produce Company, and the sale of sawn lumber in the region. British Honduras(1871-1950)challenges -The agriculture industry in Belize showed promise with investments in bananas, sugar, coconut, and cohune oil processing, despite facing challenges such as a currency devaluation and global unrest in the early 1900s.

Lesson 4: World War 1

04

World War 1

World War I, also known as the Great War, took place between 1914 and 1918. • Around 18 million people lost their lives in the war. • The war was classified as a World War due to the involvement of major powers with colonies around the globe. Belize Participation in the War: • In 1915 and 1916, two contingents of men from Belize left to assist in the British war efforts in Iraq and Egypt. • The Belizean men faced racism from British troops and returned in 1919 to unemployment. Results of Racism and Unemployment. • The experience of racism and unemployment led to a riot in July 1919, resulting in looting and destruction of businesses. • Order was restored with the help of soldiers brought in from H.M.S. Constance and the U.S.S. Castine. • The Spanish Flu Influenza Virus had infected the population eight months prior to the riot, causing 2,000 deaths.

World War 1

Other Devastating Events: • World War I led to the decline of industries in Belize, which had a devastating impact during the Great Depression in 1929. • In September 1931, Belize experienced a devastating hurricane that killed thousands of people and set back the timber industry. • The hurricane further decreased the quality of life for Belizeans.

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The end of the Castle War

Video 1

Video 1

Video 2

A brief history of the Garinagu

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