Oral Citation Sentence Starters

Sentence Starters for Oral Citations

Explaining Research

Introducing Research

In other words, X asserts _____. In arguing this claim, X argues that _____. X is insisting that _____. What X really means is that _____. The basis of X’s argument is that _____.

X says/states/reports/etc., “_____.” As X, [Job Title], explains it, “_____.” As claimed by X, “_____.” In X’s perspective, “_____.” X concurs when she notes, “_____.” According to X, “_____.”

When quoting experts, please include their job titles when first quoting them.When quoting an article, provide the publication title when quoting instead of the journalists's name.

Book

Examples

Include title and author:

• According to climate scientist April Jones, in her 2022 book, Plastic America...
• In An Eye for an Eye: Capital Punishment...

News Article

Include title of source, article time, and date:

• According to the Time Magazine article "A Test Told Me I’m Basically Made of Plastic. You Probably Are Too..."
• The June 5, 2024, The New York Times, explained..."

Organization

Include name of organization and explanation of purpose if not well-known:

• The Center for Disease Control claims...
• Caring for Friends, an organization that provides food for the homeless in Philadelphia states that...

Expert/Testimonial

Include name, job title, and organization/company if warranted:

• As Chris DiMedio, chairman of the Raising Hope Foundation, an organization the supports children and families in need puts it...
• Janelle Stuart, high school senior at Carmella Union High School in Atlanta, Georgia, explained that...