Jesus ALEJANDRO VILLARREAL LOPEZ
BIOTECHNOLOGY
start
what the hell is it?
the term biotechnologer, a fairly old concept. it Des coined in 1917 by Károly Ereki, a Hungarian engineeri to refer to all methods of transtormation and production of goods that involve living organisms in their process. Although this definition refers to phe pointed out that bitten all types processical organisms or systems, it should be point animal selectiotechnology has evolved,... about?? from the generation of goods from plantated fields of knion technologies, to transformation processes in genes, where related fields of knowledge, such molecular biology, genetic engineering, molecular engineering, and so on, are involved.
but now The current and officially accepted definition of biotechnology, established by the 1992 multilateral treaty, in the Convention on Biological Diversity, and claimed in 2010 in the Nagoya Protocol, is: "Any technological application that uses biological systems and living organisms, or derivatives, for the creation or modification of products or processes for specific uses."
Next
SELECTIVE REPRODUCTION
The Selective reproduction is the process by which the human being chooses individuals (plants or animals) with desirable characteristics and favors their reproduction, allowing the phenotypic features of interest to be presented in the following generations.
+ INFO
Next
THE GRANDFATHER OF THE MEXICAN FOOD
Nowadays, there are reliable methods to know the history of biotechnology beyond the records made by ancient mesoamerican civilizations. our Mexican ancestors used biotechnology to produce the most important food in our history the corn.
+ INFO
Next
hybridization
Hybridization is a mechanism in which individuals of different species cross which may produce fertile offspring or not. Hybridization may be a natural or artificial process, in plants and animals.
Next
types of hybridizations
ARTIFICIALHYBRIDIZATION
NATURALHYBRIDIZATION
Hybridization, however, is not always due to ecological causes. Sometimes it's caused with the intention of improving the characteristics of each organism by reproducing it. That is, when the hybrid is produced with the intervention of man-made methods.This process is called artificial hybridization.
The natural hybridization process is defined as the generation of an individual between two parents of different species or subspecies with the sole intervention of environmental pressures.
CLICK ME
CLICK ME
Next
naturalhybridization
For example, in the last European ice age known as Würm, 120 000 years ago, climatic conditions induced a massive migration of species, causing two of them, Homo neandertahalensis or Neanderthal and Homo sapiens or modern human, meet, share territory and mix their DNA. The Neanderthals became extinct 30 thousand years ago, but left some of their species in our DNA.
Back
ARTIFICIALHYBRIDIZATION
the first artificial carnation hybrid, generated by Thomas Fairchild, is described. Finally, the inheritance laws proposed by Mendel in 1865 are perhaps the experiments that best detail the methodology for producing artificial hybrids in plants.
+ INFO
example of artificial pollinization
Back
INBREEDING
This lack of "options" for preserving certain characteristics caused the inevitable reproduction between individuals of common ancestry, that is, of the same family. This phenomenon is known as inbreeding and considerably reduces genetic variation because individuals inherit the same information encoded in the alleles, which increases the likelihood that generations inherit recessive traits in common and are affected by genetic disorders.
This practice was extended to dog breeders, so many dogs were scrupulously selected according to their physical characteristics: hair color, body shape and size, head shape, limb lengths, among others. Dogs we know today -and that we have classified in breeds- are the result of breeding over the past three centuries.
+ INFO
Breeds derived from a small group of parents who have experienced the effects of the "popularity of the male parent" syndrome, in which a male is responsible for a large number of offspring, are characterized by even lower genetic heterogeneity.A recent study showed that 10 thousand pugs have the same genetic variety as only So of their parents, if any of these pugs wanted to introduce new alleles to their offspring, they would have to find a partner outside this large group.
Next
Next
Next
Next
Next
Next
as an example we can see that all the fruits, vegetables and cereals we consume had wild ancestors, which grew in nature and had totally different characteristics from those we know today. Our ancestors discovered and ate these wild plants, took their seeds and reproduced them in more controlled conditions, that is, they domesticated them.
6 000 years ago, were identical to current corn. In 1932, George Beadle, a 28-year-old American who studied a doctorate in genetics, visited Mexican cornfields and collected teocintle plants, took them to the laboratory and discovered that the teocintle and corn chromosomes were almost identical.
The now experienced geneticist hybridized between teocintle and corn to find how many genes differentiated the two plants. In the Mendelian style, Beadle produced an F1 generation from pure corn and teocintle. Thus, this F1 generation would have a copy of each gene, one from the teocintle and another from the corn.
CURIOUS FACT
Allmost all animals have evolved from mutations given by their natural hybridization process. However, some of them have been caused by humans. perhaps the best known example is that of the mule (Equus mulus). This hybrid is born when, in captivity, a donkey (Equus africanus asinus) is crossed with a mare Equus caballus ferus), resulting in a hybrid more tame than the mare and stronger than the donkey.
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Transcript
Jesus ALEJANDRO VILLARREAL LOPEZ
BIOTECHNOLOGY
start
what the hell is it?
the term biotechnologer, a fairly old concept. it Des coined in 1917 by Károly Ereki, a Hungarian engineeri to refer to all methods of transtormation and production of goods that involve living organisms in their process. Although this definition refers to phe pointed out that bitten all types processical organisms or systems, it should be point animal selectiotechnology has evolved,... about?? from the generation of goods from plantated fields of knion technologies, to transformation processes in genes, where related fields of knowledge, such molecular biology, genetic engineering, molecular engineering, and so on, are involved.
but now The current and officially accepted definition of biotechnology, established by the 1992 multilateral treaty, in the Convention on Biological Diversity, and claimed in 2010 in the Nagoya Protocol, is: "Any technological application that uses biological systems and living organisms, or derivatives, for the creation or modification of products or processes for specific uses."
Next
SELECTIVE REPRODUCTION
The Selective reproduction is the process by which the human being chooses individuals (plants or animals) with desirable characteristics and favors their reproduction, allowing the phenotypic features of interest to be presented in the following generations.
+ INFO
Next
THE GRANDFATHER OF THE MEXICAN FOOD
Nowadays, there are reliable methods to know the history of biotechnology beyond the records made by ancient mesoamerican civilizations. our Mexican ancestors used biotechnology to produce the most important food in our history the corn.
+ INFO
Next
hybridization
Hybridization is a mechanism in which individuals of different species cross which may produce fertile offspring or not. Hybridization may be a natural or artificial process, in plants and animals.
Next
types of hybridizations
ARTIFICIALHYBRIDIZATION
NATURALHYBRIDIZATION
Hybridization, however, is not always due to ecological causes. Sometimes it's caused with the intention of improving the characteristics of each organism by reproducing it. That is, when the hybrid is produced with the intervention of man-made methods.This process is called artificial hybridization.
The natural hybridization process is defined as the generation of an individual between two parents of different species or subspecies with the sole intervention of environmental pressures.
CLICK ME
CLICK ME
Next
naturalhybridization
For example, in the last European ice age known as Würm, 120 000 years ago, climatic conditions induced a massive migration of species, causing two of them, Homo neandertahalensis or Neanderthal and Homo sapiens or modern human, meet, share territory and mix their DNA. The Neanderthals became extinct 30 thousand years ago, but left some of their species in our DNA.
Back
ARTIFICIALHYBRIDIZATION
the first artificial carnation hybrid, generated by Thomas Fairchild, is described. Finally, the inheritance laws proposed by Mendel in 1865 are perhaps the experiments that best detail the methodology for producing artificial hybrids in plants.
+ INFO
example of artificial pollinization
Back
INBREEDING
This lack of "options" for preserving certain characteristics caused the inevitable reproduction between individuals of common ancestry, that is, of the same family. This phenomenon is known as inbreeding and considerably reduces genetic variation because individuals inherit the same information encoded in the alleles, which increases the likelihood that generations inherit recessive traits in common and are affected by genetic disorders.
This practice was extended to dog breeders, so many dogs were scrupulously selected according to their physical characteristics: hair color, body shape and size, head shape, limb lengths, among others. Dogs we know today -and that we have classified in breeds- are the result of breeding over the past three centuries.
+ INFO
Breeds derived from a small group of parents who have experienced the effects of the "popularity of the male parent" syndrome, in which a male is responsible for a large number of offspring, are characterized by even lower genetic heterogeneity.A recent study showed that 10 thousand pugs have the same genetic variety as only So of their parents, if any of these pugs wanted to introduce new alleles to their offspring, they would have to find a partner outside this large group.
Next
Next
Next
Next
Next
Next
as an example we can see that all the fruits, vegetables and cereals we consume had wild ancestors, which grew in nature and had totally different characteristics from those we know today. Our ancestors discovered and ate these wild plants, took their seeds and reproduced them in more controlled conditions, that is, they domesticated them.
6 000 years ago, were identical to current corn. In 1932, George Beadle, a 28-year-old American who studied a doctorate in genetics, visited Mexican cornfields and collected teocintle plants, took them to the laboratory and discovered that the teocintle and corn chromosomes were almost identical.
The now experienced geneticist hybridized between teocintle and corn to find how many genes differentiated the two plants. In the Mendelian style, Beadle produced an F1 generation from pure corn and teocintle. Thus, this F1 generation would have a copy of each gene, one from the teocintle and another from the corn.
CURIOUS FACT
Allmost all animals have evolved from mutations given by their natural hybridization process. However, some of them have been caused by humans. perhaps the best known example is that of the mule (Equus mulus). This hybrid is born when, in captivity, a donkey (Equus africanus asinus) is crossed with a mare Equus caballus ferus), resulting in a hybrid more tame than the mare and stronger than the donkey.