Pontalto Ambra Sbalchiero Anna Sellami Safaa
Digital labour platforms
Gig economy between algorithm control and regulations
Digital labor platform: an overview
Opportunities
The development of digital labor platforms has the potential to provide workers, including women, people with disabilities, and young people with income-generating opportunities, flexibility and skill development.
Challenges
Workers may face problems regarding the regularity of work and income, working conditions, social protection, skills utilization, freedom of association, and the right to collective bargaining.
Deliveroo is a British company founded in 2013, it provides a three-sided marketplace that brings together customers who buy food, restaurants who prepare it and riders who deliver it
800 locations
200.000 partners
180.000 riders
10 countries
How does the app work?
For consumers
Deliveroo offers consumers the opportunity to have food delivered straight to their homes, making it ideal for busy individuals or those who prefer eating in the comfort of their homes.
For partners
For restaurants, Deliveroo represents a profitable opportunity allowing them to reach new customers and boost their visibility without extensive marketing campaigns
for riders
Log in
To start working, the rider must enter a "zone" and log in, as a result, the platform can measure GPS positioning and timing
Accept the order
Once an order has been made, it is shown on the rider app and he has the option to either accept or reject it
Pick up the food
When the rider gets to the restaurant, he pick app the food and the app provide him with the consumer's address
Deliver it to the customer
Having all the information, the rider can ultimately deliver the food to the final customer
Does Deliveroo allow flexibility?
Flexibility has different meanings:
to adjust to changing market conditions
to choose jobs, working hours and location of work (also through collective bargaining)
to obtain longer hours from employees when needed
Autonomy paradox
while digital tools offer flexibility, they also blur work boundaries
Workers' autonomy
In this app-based management workers' autonomy is based on:
Access to the platform
Freedom to sign up to multiple platforms
Access to paid tasks when logged in
Ensuring fair task allocation to prevent unpaid labour
Control over work conduct
Limited control for delivery apps' workers
Access to management mediation
Softening algorithmic decisions that impact workers' autonomy
Algorithmic management in Deliveroo
The "Frank" algorithm monitors workers' performance and optimizes delivery times, yet its opaque nature contributes to the black-boxing phenomenon
Deliveroo's policy and regulation
‘Use this space to write a quote. And remember, always name the source.’
LABOUR AND SOCIAL PROTECTION
- Conditions of work unilatery set by platforms - Initiatives from governments and other stakeholders to protect deliveroo riders' rights
CONTENT
Workers are self-employees and so are denied of any employment entitlements and benefits as well as labour rights. So platforms are unconstrained by any labour protection legislation, identifying the riders as a 'third idependent party'. However, such category identification mostly depends on the type of jurisdiction
Terms of service agreements
Contracts of adhesion with little or no negotiation, and lack of bargaining poower leads to unfair terms
FORM
Consequences of such take-it-or-leave-it agreement are relevant both in the content and form of the 'terms and conditions' under which deliveroo's users operate
Many agreement are not fully accessible, until workers sign for them, neither are redily comprehensible to workersthey are not stastic since Deliveroo reserve the right to amend terms at any time Methods of dispute resoultion are established by deliveroo
What do 'terms and conditions' deal with?
Orders and Deliveries
Payment
Service usage
Guidelines on how users can use the platform
Payment methods, pricing, fees, and refunds
Policies of delivering and placing orders, and responsibilities
Intellectual property
Liability and termination
Data privacy
Limitations on Deliveroo's liabilities for any delivery issue, and circumstances to terminate users accounts or services
How users data is collected, stored, and used, including any sharing of info with 3rd parties
Rights and restrictions for using Deliveroo's branding, content and intellectual property
The Charter of Principles binds the platforms to diversity and inclusion; safety and well-being; flexibility and fair conditions; reasonable pay and fees; social protection; learning and development; voice and participation; and data management.
January 2020, WEF
ILO constitution and tools
Standards applicable to all workers irrespective of their contractual relationship: 'decent work' principles because of their action of working
DELIVEROO is prohibited from impairing freedom of association, it is prevented from discriminating between workers on protected grounds such as sex or race, it is not permitted to engage workers involuntary or below minimum working age, and are required not to expose workers to unsafe and unhealthy working conditions, or to violence. > Elements of 'decent work' are also included in international human rights treaties and other regulatory sources aimed to protect information asymmetry and inequality of bargaining power HOW TO AVOID THE LIABILITY TO IIMPLEMENT LABOUR PROTECTION STANDARDS? interpose a third party, a customer, between the platform and the worker in order to keep away from any action of that third party.
Law protecting Deliveroo workers' conditions
General government institutions' regulatory initiatives to counterbalance Deliveroo's regulations and policies regarding its workers, regardless of local jurisdictions and differnt terms of engagemnet
Worker classification
Consumer Protection laws
Anti-retaliation protections
Health and Safety Regulations
Labour Laws
Protect workers from retaliation by the platform for exercising their rights as well as raising concerns and complaints about working conditions, and the right to unionize
Regulatory initiatives to reclassify riders as employees rather than idependent contractors, entitling them to additional rights and benefits
The platform has legal obligations to ensure health and safety of its workers, and provide appropriate training and support to prevent injuries
Varying between jurisdictions, labour protections such as minimum wage, collective bargaining rights, protection against harassment and discrimination, paid leave, right to disconnect...
Provide protection against abusive or discriminatory behavior from customers. Riders can have legal recourse if experience unfair treatment while performing their duties
EU Deliveroo workers are now granted employee rights!
EU member states' labor and social ministers on the 11th of March 2024 agreed on regulations that determine WHEN gig economy workers should be classified as employees
These would apply where the platform supervises workers' performance electronically and controls factors like how much they are paid and their working hours. This is the first-ever piece of EU legislation to regulate algorithmic management and to set minimum standards to improve working conditions for million of platform workers across the EU.
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digital labour platform
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Transcript
Pontalto Ambra Sbalchiero Anna Sellami Safaa
Digital labour platforms
Gig economy between algorithm control and regulations
Digital labor platform: an overview
Opportunities
The development of digital labor platforms has the potential to provide workers, including women, people with disabilities, and young people with income-generating opportunities, flexibility and skill development.
Challenges
Workers may face problems regarding the regularity of work and income, working conditions, social protection, skills utilization, freedom of association, and the right to collective bargaining.
Deliveroo is a British company founded in 2013, it provides a three-sided marketplace that brings together customers who buy food, restaurants who prepare it and riders who deliver it
800 locations
200.000 partners
180.000 riders
10 countries
How does the app work?
For consumers
Deliveroo offers consumers the opportunity to have food delivered straight to their homes, making it ideal for busy individuals or those who prefer eating in the comfort of their homes.
For partners
For restaurants, Deliveroo represents a profitable opportunity allowing them to reach new customers and boost their visibility without extensive marketing campaigns
for riders
Log in
To start working, the rider must enter a "zone" and log in, as a result, the platform can measure GPS positioning and timing
Accept the order
Once an order has been made, it is shown on the rider app and he has the option to either accept or reject it
Pick up the food
When the rider gets to the restaurant, he pick app the food and the app provide him with the consumer's address
Deliver it to the customer
Having all the information, the rider can ultimately deliver the food to the final customer
Does Deliveroo allow flexibility?
Flexibility has different meanings:
to adjust to changing market conditions
to choose jobs, working hours and location of work (also through collective bargaining)
to obtain longer hours from employees when needed
Autonomy paradox
while digital tools offer flexibility, they also blur work boundaries
Workers' autonomy
In this app-based management workers' autonomy is based on:
Access to the platform
Freedom to sign up to multiple platforms
Access to paid tasks when logged in
Ensuring fair task allocation to prevent unpaid labour
Control over work conduct
Limited control for delivery apps' workers
Access to management mediation
Softening algorithmic decisions that impact workers' autonomy
Algorithmic management in Deliveroo
The "Frank" algorithm monitors workers' performance and optimizes delivery times, yet its opaque nature contributes to the black-boxing phenomenon
Deliveroo's policy and regulation
‘Use this space to write a quote. And remember, always name the source.’
LABOUR AND SOCIAL PROTECTION
- Conditions of work unilatery set by platforms - Initiatives from governments and other stakeholders to protect deliveroo riders' rights
CONTENT
Workers are self-employees and so are denied of any employment entitlements and benefits as well as labour rights. So platforms are unconstrained by any labour protection legislation, identifying the riders as a 'third idependent party'. However, such category identification mostly depends on the type of jurisdiction
Terms of service agreements
Contracts of adhesion with little or no negotiation, and lack of bargaining poower leads to unfair terms
FORM
Consequences of such take-it-or-leave-it agreement are relevant both in the content and form of the 'terms and conditions' under which deliveroo's users operate
Many agreement are not fully accessible, until workers sign for them, neither are redily comprehensible to workersthey are not stastic since Deliveroo reserve the right to amend terms at any time Methods of dispute resoultion are established by deliveroo
What do 'terms and conditions' deal with?
Orders and Deliveries
Payment
Service usage
Guidelines on how users can use the platform
Payment methods, pricing, fees, and refunds
Policies of delivering and placing orders, and responsibilities
Intellectual property
Liability and termination
Data privacy
Limitations on Deliveroo's liabilities for any delivery issue, and circumstances to terminate users accounts or services
How users data is collected, stored, and used, including any sharing of info with 3rd parties
Rights and restrictions for using Deliveroo's branding, content and intellectual property
The Charter of Principles binds the platforms to diversity and inclusion; safety and well-being; flexibility and fair conditions; reasonable pay and fees; social protection; learning and development; voice and participation; and data management.
January 2020, WEF
ILO constitution and tools
Standards applicable to all workers irrespective of their contractual relationship: 'decent work' principles because of their action of working
DELIVEROO is prohibited from impairing freedom of association, it is prevented from discriminating between workers on protected grounds such as sex or race, it is not permitted to engage workers involuntary or below minimum working age, and are required not to expose workers to unsafe and unhealthy working conditions, or to violence. > Elements of 'decent work' are also included in international human rights treaties and other regulatory sources aimed to protect information asymmetry and inequality of bargaining power HOW TO AVOID THE LIABILITY TO IIMPLEMENT LABOUR PROTECTION STANDARDS? interpose a third party, a customer, between the platform and the worker in order to keep away from any action of that third party.
Law protecting Deliveroo workers' conditions
General government institutions' regulatory initiatives to counterbalance Deliveroo's regulations and policies regarding its workers, regardless of local jurisdictions and differnt terms of engagemnet
Worker classification
Consumer Protection laws
Anti-retaliation protections
Health and Safety Regulations
Labour Laws
Protect workers from retaliation by the platform for exercising their rights as well as raising concerns and complaints about working conditions, and the right to unionize
Regulatory initiatives to reclassify riders as employees rather than idependent contractors, entitling them to additional rights and benefits
The platform has legal obligations to ensure health and safety of its workers, and provide appropriate training and support to prevent injuries
Varying between jurisdictions, labour protections such as minimum wage, collective bargaining rights, protection against harassment and discrimination, paid leave, right to disconnect...
Provide protection against abusive or discriminatory behavior from customers. Riders can have legal recourse if experience unfair treatment while performing their duties
EU Deliveroo workers are now granted employee rights!
EU member states' labor and social ministers on the 11th of March 2024 agreed on regulations that determine WHEN gig economy workers should be classified as employees
These would apply where the platform supervises workers' performance electronically and controls factors like how much they are paid and their working hours. This is the first-ever piece of EU legislation to regulate algorithmic management and to set minimum standards to improve working conditions for million of platform workers across the EU.
Got an idea?
Let the communication flow!
With Genially templates, you can include visual resources to wow your audience. You can also highlight a particular sentence or piece of information so that it sticks in your audience’s minds, or even embed external content to surprise them: Whatever you like! Do you need more reasons to create dynamic content? No problem! 90% of the information we assimilate is received through sight and, what’s more, we retain 42% more information when the content moves.