Presentation
Curriculum Design Theories
Charlene DrewsGrand Canyon Univeristy EDU-522: Curriculum Design Theories
index
1. Curriculum Design Process
2. Curriculum Design Theory
3. Curriculum Design Models
4. Curriculum Design Approaches
5. References
CurriculumDesign Process
- Outcomes
- Content
- Instructional Strategies
- Technology
- Data
- Media
- Policy
More information!
Click the + for more information.
Curriculum Adoption
Panama Buena Vista Union School District
- Curriculum Committee
- Review
- Pilot Programs
- Feedback and Evaluation
- Adoption
Click the + for more information.
Curriculum Design Theory
"Curriculum influences how people learn and grow from very young ages and continues to shape learning experiences throughout our lives."
Bucky J. Dodd
Click the + for more information.
Curriculum Design Models
03
02
01
ProblemCentered
LearnerCentered
SubjectCentered
Click the + for more information.
Subject-Centered
- Discipline Design
- Broad-Fields Design
- Correlation Design
- Process Design
Click the + for more information.
Learner-Centered
- Child Centered
- Experience Centered
- Romantic (radical) Design
- Humanistic Design
Click the + for more information.
Problem-Centered
- Life-Situations Design
- Reconstructionist Design
Click the + for more information.
Curriculum Design Approaches
Behavioral
Oldest, most prominent, approach to curriculum.
Managerial
Social aspect to behavioral design.
Systems
Curriculum is designed in stages with specific structures.
Click the name for more information.
Academic
Subject matter oriented.
humanistic
Focuses on entire learner.
Post-Modern
Schooling is an extenstion of a successful society.
Click the name for more information.
References
- Button, L. J. (2021). Curriculum essentials: A journey. Pressbooks. https://oer.pressbooks.pub/curriculumessentials/chapter/curriculum-design-development-and-models-planning-for-student-learning-there-is-always-a-need-for-newly-formulated-curriculum-models-that-address-contemporary-circumstance-an/
- Dodd, B.J. (2021). Curriculum design process. Design for Learning Principles, Processes, and Praxis. EdTech Books. https://edtechbooks.org/id/curriculum_design_process
- Ornstein, A.C. & Hunkins, F.P. (2017). Curriculum: Foundations, principles, and issues. (7th ed.). Pearson
- Yasar, G. C., & Asian, B. (2021). Curriculum theory: A review study. International Journal of Curriculum and Instructional Studies, 11(2), 237-260. https://doi.org/10.31704/ijocis.2021.012
Presenter Notes
The essence of curriculum design is showing how curriculum is framed so that each component works together to effectively facilitate learning. (Button 2021). There are seven key foci to curriculum design: outcomes (the intended learning result), content (information included in the curriculum), instructional strategies (organization, structure, and presentation of materials), technology (tools used to support the curriculum), data (data metrics that are analyzed), media (resources to amplify learning), and policy (guiding framework for the design). (Dodd 2021). Subject matter, instructional methods, materials, and learner experiences and activities are all key components to curriculum design. Optimal arrangement of these components leads to effective development of curriculum that will be a frame of reference for teachers and administrators. (Ornstein & Hunkins 2017).
Presenter Notes
The behavioral approach is technical. Curriculum is created with an objective in mind. This objective becomes the plan. Activities are created to coincide with the objective, learning outcomes are based off of the objective goal, and students are evaluated based off of how well the objective was reached. (Ornstein & Hunkins 2017).
Presenter Notes
Subject-centered curriculum design modeling is the oldest and most common design model. Subject-centered design organizes the information into separate subjects: math, reading, writing, science, etc. (Button 2021). Subject-centered design history reaches back all the way to Ancient Greece and Plato. This design model takes essential knowledge and groups by subject. (Ornstein & Hunkins 2017). Within the subject-centered learning model there are several distinctions. Ornstein and Hunkins (2017) discuss discipline design, broad-fields, correlation, and process design. Discipline design focuses on specific academic disciplines. Broad-fields groups similar subjects together to diminish fragmentation caused by the subject-centered design. Correlation design is a combination of subject and broad-fields design models. This design seeks to link but not combine subjects.
Presenter Notes
Humanistic is a progressive design model focusing on the entire learner. This is based off of the child-centered learning concept. Life experiences, wants, desires, collaboration, gamification, and artistic endeavors are glorified and striven for in this model. There is a strong lean towards community within this design. (Ornstein & Hunkins 2017).
Presenter Notes
Child-centered requires students to take an active role in their education. Learning in embedded in the child’s life and is based off their lives, needs, and interests. Experience-centered takes the child-centered approach but postulates the unknown within a child’s mind, therefore planned instruction is not possible. Experience-centered design is learning through an environment. The romantic (radical) design desires to overhaul current curriculum because it fears indoctrination and control. Radical design assumes current curriculum is meant to keep the status quo but students now need to learn how to critique and reflect on their learning for change. The humanistic design looks at the whole learner. It does not rely strictly on the cognitive side of learning. Feelings, actions, and thoughts are equally important as cognitive development. (Ornstein & Hunkins 2017).
Presenter Notes
Life-situations focuses on procedures for problem-solving by utilizing past experiences to analyze life. Reconstructionist design believes curriculum is meant to foster social, political, and economic change. (Ornstein & Hunkins 2017).
Presenter Notes
In a systems design model, curriculum is designed by engineers in stages and with specific structures. The design stage mirrors an instructional design approach of ADDIE by focusing on development, design, implementation, and evaluation. Various structures of the curriculum could include the subjects or courses taught and lesson/unit plans. Within a larger district the separation of administrations and staff is significant. Decisions are made at the top and trickle down to the individual teacher. (Ornstein & Hunkins 2017).
Presenter Notes
Before you can understand curriculum design theory, you must understand curriculum. Curriculum is a plan, a framework, for learning to occur. Curriculum theory is the basis for practitioners to analyze, organize, conceptualize, create, and speculate what learners will need. (Ornstein & Hunkins 2017). Throughout history, there have been many curriculum design theories. Many have come and gone in fashion, as research and psychology have evolved. The choice in curriculum theory relies heavily on personal values and importance. In its essence, curriculum theory is determining what kind of learning environment you are determined to achieve. The theory is one of the most important factors of curriculum development because it sets the tone for the entire project. Design theories can be grouped and summarized together. Some theories organize learning based off needs, interests, experience, and child autonomy. Other theories believe education has the power to solve all of society’s problems. Some theories believe the main purpose of education is the assimilation of knowledge, reflection, developments, and teaching disciplines. Each curriculum theory represents a stance on education. (Yasar & Aslan 2021).
Presenter Notes
The managerial approach uses a behavioral base but adds in a social system aspect. Students, teachers, curriculum specialists, and administrators interact in a hierarchal way. Plans, programs, schedules, and resources are created and implemented through this chain of command. This approach moves education from a collaboration to a cooperation. (Ornstein & Hunkins 2017).
Presenter Notes
In the Panama Buena Vista Union School District (PBVUSD) curriculum is adopted after a rigorous vetting process. When new curriculum is evaluated for possible adoption, the entire district staff works together to determine viability. I was a site-specific substitute teacher the last time PBVUSD adopted a curriculum, and this is the process I remember. (Side-note, I emailed my curriculum department on Monday and never received a response past a “yes I can help you, what do you need to know” response. This is the only way I can include information for this slide.) A committee was formed to evaluate various textbooks and curriculum packages. When debating between the curriculum options, school sites were given samples of each curriculum to review. A pilot program was then introduced for one year. Certain schools within the district were slated to use the curriculum and then provide feedback. This feedback was used as evidence and a vote was then taken amongst the staff. The adopted PBVUSD curriculum follows a subject-centered design model. The mathematics and social studies curricula are a standard subject-centered design model. The ELA curriculum follows a broad-fields design model, combining reading, writing, grammar, and English language learner elements. The science curriculum uses discipline design as each student becomes a discipline specific scientist during instruction. Each curriculum follows a standards based teaching guide. Each topic is broken down into units and individual lessons. The district office curriculum team then works on creating pacing guides for each teacher to have a plan to follow.
Presenter Notes
The post modern design model extends the humanistic approach by adding the impact of social, economic, and political institutions within education. Post modernists believe schooling is an extension of a successful society and that education must allow students to exert positive change. (Ornstein & Hunkins 2017).
Presenter Notes
The academic approach to curriculum design is subject-matter oriented. Evaluation of understanding is key. The academic curriculum is designed to evaluate cognitive understanding of how knowledge is formed and reformed within the learner. (Ornstein & Hunkins 2017).
Curriculum Design Theories
Charlene Drews
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Transcript
Presentation
Curriculum Design Theories
Charlene DrewsGrand Canyon Univeristy EDU-522: Curriculum Design Theories
index
1. Curriculum Design Process
2. Curriculum Design Theory
3. Curriculum Design Models
4. Curriculum Design Approaches
5. References
CurriculumDesign Process
More information!
Click the + for more information.
Curriculum Adoption
Panama Buena Vista Union School District
Click the + for more information.
Curriculum Design Theory
"Curriculum influences how people learn and grow from very young ages and continues to shape learning experiences throughout our lives."
Bucky J. Dodd
Click the + for more information.
Curriculum Design Models
03
02
01
ProblemCentered
LearnerCentered
SubjectCentered
Click the + for more information.
Subject-Centered
Click the + for more information.
Learner-Centered
Click the + for more information.
Problem-Centered
Click the + for more information.
Curriculum Design Approaches
Behavioral
Oldest, most prominent, approach to curriculum.
Managerial
Social aspect to behavioral design.
Systems
Curriculum is designed in stages with specific structures.
Click the name for more information.
Academic
Subject matter oriented.
humanistic
Focuses on entire learner.
Post-Modern
Schooling is an extenstion of a successful society.
Click the name for more information.
References
Presenter Notes
The essence of curriculum design is showing how curriculum is framed so that each component works together to effectively facilitate learning. (Button 2021). There are seven key foci to curriculum design: outcomes (the intended learning result), content (information included in the curriculum), instructional strategies (organization, structure, and presentation of materials), technology (tools used to support the curriculum), data (data metrics that are analyzed), media (resources to amplify learning), and policy (guiding framework for the design). (Dodd 2021). Subject matter, instructional methods, materials, and learner experiences and activities are all key components to curriculum design. Optimal arrangement of these components leads to effective development of curriculum that will be a frame of reference for teachers and administrators. (Ornstein & Hunkins 2017).
Presenter Notes
The behavioral approach is technical. Curriculum is created with an objective in mind. This objective becomes the plan. Activities are created to coincide with the objective, learning outcomes are based off of the objective goal, and students are evaluated based off of how well the objective was reached. (Ornstein & Hunkins 2017).
Presenter Notes
Subject-centered curriculum design modeling is the oldest and most common design model. Subject-centered design organizes the information into separate subjects: math, reading, writing, science, etc. (Button 2021). Subject-centered design history reaches back all the way to Ancient Greece and Plato. This design model takes essential knowledge and groups by subject. (Ornstein & Hunkins 2017). Within the subject-centered learning model there are several distinctions. Ornstein and Hunkins (2017) discuss discipline design, broad-fields, correlation, and process design. Discipline design focuses on specific academic disciplines. Broad-fields groups similar subjects together to diminish fragmentation caused by the subject-centered design. Correlation design is a combination of subject and broad-fields design models. This design seeks to link but not combine subjects.
Presenter Notes
Humanistic is a progressive design model focusing on the entire learner. This is based off of the child-centered learning concept. Life experiences, wants, desires, collaboration, gamification, and artistic endeavors are glorified and striven for in this model. There is a strong lean towards community within this design. (Ornstein & Hunkins 2017).
Presenter Notes
Child-centered requires students to take an active role in their education. Learning in embedded in the child’s life and is based off their lives, needs, and interests. Experience-centered takes the child-centered approach but postulates the unknown within a child’s mind, therefore planned instruction is not possible. Experience-centered design is learning through an environment. The romantic (radical) design desires to overhaul current curriculum because it fears indoctrination and control. Radical design assumes current curriculum is meant to keep the status quo but students now need to learn how to critique and reflect on their learning for change. The humanistic design looks at the whole learner. It does not rely strictly on the cognitive side of learning. Feelings, actions, and thoughts are equally important as cognitive development. (Ornstein & Hunkins 2017).
Presenter Notes
Life-situations focuses on procedures for problem-solving by utilizing past experiences to analyze life. Reconstructionist design believes curriculum is meant to foster social, political, and economic change. (Ornstein & Hunkins 2017).
Presenter Notes
In a systems design model, curriculum is designed by engineers in stages and with specific structures. The design stage mirrors an instructional design approach of ADDIE by focusing on development, design, implementation, and evaluation. Various structures of the curriculum could include the subjects or courses taught and lesson/unit plans. Within a larger district the separation of administrations and staff is significant. Decisions are made at the top and trickle down to the individual teacher. (Ornstein & Hunkins 2017).
Presenter Notes
Before you can understand curriculum design theory, you must understand curriculum. Curriculum is a plan, a framework, for learning to occur. Curriculum theory is the basis for practitioners to analyze, organize, conceptualize, create, and speculate what learners will need. (Ornstein & Hunkins 2017). Throughout history, there have been many curriculum design theories. Many have come and gone in fashion, as research and psychology have evolved. The choice in curriculum theory relies heavily on personal values and importance. In its essence, curriculum theory is determining what kind of learning environment you are determined to achieve. The theory is one of the most important factors of curriculum development because it sets the tone for the entire project. Design theories can be grouped and summarized together. Some theories organize learning based off needs, interests, experience, and child autonomy. Other theories believe education has the power to solve all of society’s problems. Some theories believe the main purpose of education is the assimilation of knowledge, reflection, developments, and teaching disciplines. Each curriculum theory represents a stance on education. (Yasar & Aslan 2021).
Presenter Notes
The managerial approach uses a behavioral base but adds in a social system aspect. Students, teachers, curriculum specialists, and administrators interact in a hierarchal way. Plans, programs, schedules, and resources are created and implemented through this chain of command. This approach moves education from a collaboration to a cooperation. (Ornstein & Hunkins 2017).
Presenter Notes
In the Panama Buena Vista Union School District (PBVUSD) curriculum is adopted after a rigorous vetting process. When new curriculum is evaluated for possible adoption, the entire district staff works together to determine viability. I was a site-specific substitute teacher the last time PBVUSD adopted a curriculum, and this is the process I remember. (Side-note, I emailed my curriculum department on Monday and never received a response past a “yes I can help you, what do you need to know” response. This is the only way I can include information for this slide.) A committee was formed to evaluate various textbooks and curriculum packages. When debating between the curriculum options, school sites were given samples of each curriculum to review. A pilot program was then introduced for one year. Certain schools within the district were slated to use the curriculum and then provide feedback. This feedback was used as evidence and a vote was then taken amongst the staff. The adopted PBVUSD curriculum follows a subject-centered design model. The mathematics and social studies curricula are a standard subject-centered design model. The ELA curriculum follows a broad-fields design model, combining reading, writing, grammar, and English language learner elements. The science curriculum uses discipline design as each student becomes a discipline specific scientist during instruction. Each curriculum follows a standards based teaching guide. Each topic is broken down into units and individual lessons. The district office curriculum team then works on creating pacing guides for each teacher to have a plan to follow.
Presenter Notes
The post modern design model extends the humanistic approach by adding the impact of social, economic, and political institutions within education. Post modernists believe schooling is an extension of a successful society and that education must allow students to exert positive change. (Ornstein & Hunkins 2017).
Presenter Notes
The academic approach to curriculum design is subject-matter oriented. Evaluation of understanding is key. The academic curriculum is designed to evaluate cognitive understanding of how knowledge is formed and reformed within the learner. (Ornstein & Hunkins 2017).