FAST FASHION TIMELINE

APA References

Biochemichal Cycles affected

References

Daniel, C. (2023, December 28). Zara Revenue and Growth Statistics (2024). Legit Check by Ch. https://legitcheck.app/stats/zara/ Ecozap. (2023, April 28). El impacto ambiental de Zara: ¿Cuánto contamina? https://ecozap.es/huella-ecologica/el-impacto-ambiental-de-zara-cuanto-contamina/#:~:text=La%20empresa%20Inditex%2C%20due%C3%B1a%20de%20la%20marca%20Zara%2C,exposici%C3%B3n%20de%20trabajadores%20y%20consumidores%20a%20sustancias%20t%C3%B3xicas. Sustentabilidad | H&M. (n.d.). H&M. https://www2.hm.com/es_mx/sustentabilidad-en-hm.html Gap Inc. Reports Fourth Quarter and Fiscal 2023 Results; Provides Fiscal 2024 Outlook | Gap Inc. (s. f.). Gap Inc. https://www.gapinc.com/en-us/articles/2024/03/gap-inc-reports-fourth-quarter-and-fiscal-2023-res H&M. (s. f.). H&M México | Moda online, Home y ropa de niños | H&M MX. https://www2.hm.com/es_mx/index.html Empresa | PULL&BEAR. (s. f.). https://www.pullandbear.com/mx/page/company.html Pull&Bear Revenue and Financials | Fashionbi. (s. f.). https://www.fashionbi.com/financials/brands/pull-bear

Fast fashion impact on 3 biochemical cycles

Nitrogen cycle In the nitrogen cycle, its practices emit nitrogen through energy-intensive processes and synthetic fertilizer use, disrupting natural balance and harming water ecosystems. Phosphorus cycle With the phosphorus cycle, runoff from fertilizers in cotton farming can lead to harmful algal blooms, upsetting aquatic life. Sulfur cycle In the sulfur cycle, the chemicals used in textile dyeing can pollute waterways, impacting marine environments. These insights highlight the broader environmental impact of fast fashion, emphasizing the need for more sustainable approaches in the industry.

https://psci.princeton.edu/tips/2020/7/20/the-impact-of-fast-fashion-on-the-environment

PULL & BEAR

1991

BRIEF It is a chain of fashion stores that offers clothing, accessories and complements for young people committed to their environment, their style and their quality. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT Pull & Bear is sustainable for the environment due to its 'Join Life' initiative, which offers products made with eco-friendly materials like organic cotton, Tencel, and recycled polyester. It also accepts used clothing to give it new life through donations, repairs, or recycling.

ANUAL REVENUES AND EXPENSESPull&Bear generated €2.36 billion in revenue in 2023 Pull&Bear's revenues fell by 27.6%, to 1,425 million euros, which was similar to 2015 figures

https://www.pullandbear.com/mx/

C&A

1841

BRIEF It is an international fashion brand, created by brothers Clemens and August Brenninkmeijer. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT According to C&A's Sustainability Report 2022, the company mitigated 2.3 million kg of CO2 emissions.

ANUAL REVENUES AND EXPENSESC&A's revenue is $5.5 billion. C & A has 10,001 employees, and the revenue per employee ratio is $549,945.

https://www.cyamoda.com/

GAP

1969

BRIEF Is a global retail clothing company that offers a wide range of apparel and accessories for men, women, and children. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT Gap's environmental rating is "It's a Start," indicating some use of eco-friendly materials like recycled ones. However, there's no evidence of minimizing textile waste. While it set a target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, its progress is uncertain.

ANUAL REVENUES AND EXPENSESGap annual revenue for 2024 was $14.889B Reported operating expense was $5.22 billion; adjusted operating expense, excluding $89 million in restructuring costs and a $47 million gain on sale of a building.

https://www.gap.com.mx/tienda/home?gad_source=1&gclid=Cj0KCQjw_qexBhCoARIsAFgBlesNidcG8lkz28M3X7U0zbi0ZJ51Ib8-nH19zjfZfse-id6vQCaS7lcaAiPYEALw_wcB&gclsrc=aw.ds

H&M

1946

BRIEF H&M is an international chain of clothing stores, in which the garments are manufactured directly by the brand itself, making it the second largest clothing retailer in the world. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT H&M has sought to reduce the environmental impact through initiatives, the “Clothing Recycling” program, sustainable innovation seeking to reuse waste and the use of other materials. They also seek to be transparent about the manufacture of their products being the most transparent clothing brand in 2020.

ANUAL REVENUES AND EXPENSESH&M’s annual revenue for 2022 was of $22.422B a 4.01% decline from 2021. The annual expenses for 2022 were of $21.703B an increase of 0.63% from 2021

https://www2.hm.com/es_mx/index.html

ZARA

1975

BRIEF Zara, founded by Amancio Ortega and Rosalía Mera, is one of the leading international fashion companies. It belongs to Inditex, one of the world's largest retail groups. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT Zara operates through “Fast Fashion”, which due to the mass production of clothing and the large amount of waste it generates. During production, chemicals are used that pollute the water and can affect the health of those who make and wear the clothes, as well as large amounts of pollutants, emitting 50 million kg of CO2 per year. Inditex has committed to the use of renewable energy by 2023, as well as reducing water use by 25% and has launched a sustainable fashion collection.

ANUAL REVENUES AND EXPENSESZara’s revenue for 2022 were 23.76 billion euros. The annual expenses of the company in Spain on 2021 were 2,5 million euros.

https://www.zara.com/mx/