Los mayas

MAYAS

By: Sonsoles Morata Bermúdez 2ºESO A

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INDEX

7. Mayan Clothing

8. Mayan Architecture

9. Mayan Writting

10. Astronomy in Mayan Culture

1. What was the Mayan Culture?

2. Geografical Location.

3. History of the Mayan Culture

4. Characteristics of the Culture

5. Religion of the Mayans

6. Social and politic Organization

1. What was the mayan culture?

• The Maya culture developed in southeastern Mexico (especially the Yucatan Peninsula) and northern Central America.
• Its heyday was between 250 and 900 AD. In the first century BC, great cities were built.
• He was noted for his architecture, his writing system, his knowledge of astronomy and mathematics, and his calendar.
• It did not form a unified kingdom but a multiplicity of states that traded and fought with each other.

2. geographical location

The Maya came to encompass southeastern Mexico (the Yucatan Peninsula and parts of the states of Chiapas and Tabasco), Guatemala, Belize, and the western region of El Salvador and Honduras. Therefore, they inhabited the temperate highlands and the tropical lowlands, and had contact with the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean coast, and the Pacific Ocean.

3. HISTORY

"The heart doesn't age, it's the body that wrinkles"

The history of the ancient Mayan culture lasted for almost 3500 years. Maya history is usually organized into three periods:

(el corazón no envejece, es el cuerpo el que se arruga)

• Preclassic Period (2000 BC to 250 AD). At this stage, the first Mayan settlements emerged along the Pacific and then the Atlantic.
• Classic Period (250 to 900 AD). This period saw a revival of Mayan culture. It was a time of splendor in which great ceremonial centers emerged, such as Chichen Itza and Uxmal, and the city of Tikal acquired great importance. It was also a period of great wars between the Mayan cities.

• Postclassic Period (900 to 1524 CE). The Maya culture endured after the fall of the great cities, especially in elevated territories or near water sources, where Maya states were organized. The conquest began in 1524 and the last independent Maya state fell to the Spanish in 1697.

4. CHARACTERISTICS

ARTISTIC FORMS

AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT

MAYAN LENGUAGE

THE FIRST CITIES

'The Mayan worldview was very elaborate: it contemplated thirteen levels in the sky and nine in the underworld, and between the two was the world of the living. In turn, each level consisted of four cardinal points, each associated with a color and different aspects of the main deities. Some myths of the ancient Maya were included in a colonial-era book called Popol Vuh, which compiles traditions of the Quiché Maya peoples. Mayan rulers were also high priests and were considered descendants of the gods.

5. RELIGION

6. SOCIAL AND POLITIC ORGANISATION

GOVERNMENT

WAR CULTURE

SOCIETY DIVISSION

HOW IT WAS DISTINGUISHED

SOCIAL BASE

UNLIKE OTHER TRIBES

7. MAYAN CLOTHING

Mayan clothing was predominantly made of cotton. The nobles adorned their attire with embroidery of stones and colorful feathers.

8. MAYAN ARCHITECTURE

• The Mayans left behind an important architectural work, one of the largest of the ancient world. They built palaces, pyramidal temples, ceremonial spaces, and ball courts.
• In the center of the cities were the administrative and ceremonial buildings, surrounded by residential buildings.

9. MAYAN WRITING

• It was a complete system of hieroglyphic writing.
• Its first indications were dated to the second century BC.
• It was used for practical, religious, calendrical and political purposes.
• Along with the writing system, the Mayan calendar was developed, based on astronomical and mathematical knowledge.

10. ASTRONOMY IN MAYAN CULTURE

According to their belief, divinatory tools could be obtained from heaven. Despite the time they were in, they managed to measure Venus' 584-day cycle.

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War culture was central to the Maya's worldview: humiliation and sacrifice of vanquished warriors were common practices.

The base of the social pyramid was made up of slaves, captured in wars.

Their governments always consisted of variants of the same form of theocratic monarchy

Agricultural Development

Like many other human civilizations, the Mayan culture arose from the abandonment of nomadism and the development of agriculture, whose products, corn, beans, squash and chili, constituted for centuries the foundation of the Mayan diet.

Mayan Lenguage

The Maya spoke a variety of languages that derived from the ancestral Proto-Maya. Most Maya texts from the Classic period are written in the Classic Cholti language (also called Classic Maya).

The first cities

The first cities emerged around 750 BC. By 1000 BC they had already reached monumental architectural proportions, especially in their great temples and ceremonial centers.

Maya society was divided between a ruling elite and a majority of commoners. This order was sustained by military force and religious tradition.

Unlike the Aztecs or the Incas, the Maya did not form a centralized political system, that is, a single state or kingdom.

Kukulkan, Mayan god of the wind, is an important deity in Mayan mythology. Known as the Feathered Serpent, it is associated with wind and water. Its representation is found in the architecture of Chichen Itza, such as the Temple of Kukulkan. In addition, he is credited with the role of creator and bearer of knowledge in the Mayan culture.

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A distinction was made between the ruler, his court, and the nobles (who could be high officials, priests, and warriors), and a broad sector of subjects that included priests and low-ranking officials, soldiers, artisans, merchants, peasants.

Artistic forms

His art forms were sophisticated and left lasting traces. The Maya used jade, wood, obsidian, pottery, and carved stone. They were also noted for their mural paintings.