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Process of diatreme formation in 5 easy steps!

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When magma from the mantle interacts with groundwater, the water is superheated and turns to steam instantly.

The energy from the superheated water explodes upward from the root zone to create the carrot-shaped volcanic crater called the diatreme.

Rocks and minerals from deep underground explode upward while country rock closer to the surface fall into the newly-exploded tunnel, getting all mixed around in the process.

Mixed-up rocks are thrown to the surface and land in a ring around the volcano's opening. The ring is called a maar, hence why these types of volcanoes are called maar diatremes.

Diatreme necks made of igneous rock may be left behind after the explosion.