CHEMISTRY AND THE ENVIRONMENT

· CHEMISTRY AND THE ENVIRONMENT ·

By: Claudia Domingez, Sofía Barquero, Carmen Álvarez, María Perez, Sara Casado and Lucía Bañón.

ACID RAIN

Acid rain is rain that has become acidic due to certain pollutants in the air

SOLUTIONS:

ORIGEN:

CONSECUENCES:

HISTORY:

EFFECTS:

GREENHOUSE EFFECT

The greenhouse effect is a natural and beneficial phenomenon for us. Certain gases present in the atmosphere retain part of the thermal radiation emitted by the Earth's surface after being heated by the sun, maintaining the planet's temperature at a level suitable for the development of life.

Consecuences

Origin

Causes

Solutions

History

cfc's and o3 layer

o3 layer or ozone layer is a layer that filters most of the ultraviolet radiation from the sun.Cfc's are gases that damage the ozone layer.

HISTORY

EFFECT

CONSEQUENCES

ORIGIN

SOLUTIONS

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CORIGIN OF O3 LAYRER AND CFC´SCFC´S:High in the atmosphere, some oxygen molecules absorbed energy from the Sun's ultraviolet rays and split to form single oxygen atoms. These atoms combined with molecular oxygen to form ozone molecules, which are very effective at absorbing UV rays.O3 LAYER:VIDEO EXPLAININGORIGIN OF CFC´S.

Consecuences

Higher concentrations of greenhouse gases, and carbon dioxide (CO2), are causing extra heat to be trapped and global warming is increasing. Also some others diseases are happening: Sea level rise, ice melting and thermal expansion of seawater, is making the sea level increase and that could makes costal flooding Ice caps and glaciars are melting, and that also makes that the sea-leavels are bigger. Alteration of weather patterns, Global warming can alter weather patterns And that makes more huracans, droughts, heatwaves… Impact of ecosystem, Changes in temperature can affect in biodiversity, animal and plant populations and changes in habits. It also inpacts in respiratory diseases from smog and air pollution.

THE ACID RAIN EFFECTS

The lowering of the pH of marine waters harms phytoplankton, a food source for different organisms and animals, which can modify the food chain and lead to the extinction of different marine species. The rain steals essential nutrients from the soil and releases aluminium, making It difficult for trees to absorb water and damaging their leaves. Acids also damage the needles of conífers. Herbivours animals are affected since as the soil becomes acidic, the plants they eat have a grater amount of heavy metals and aluminium. It affects humans with the eye, skin and hair loss conditions, amount others.

HISTORY

It was discovered in 1913 by the french physics Charles and Henry Buisson. In 1970 scientics Mario Molina and Sherwood Rowland discovered that the ozone layer was being depleted due to CFC's that come from refrigerators, air conditioners, fire extinguishers.

CONSEQUENCES

In this video I explain the consequences.

HISTORY

causes: There are some of the main causes of the greenhouse effect

The burning of fossil fuel such as oíl, natural gas and cola emit gases such as carbón dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide intothe atmosphere.

Green House gas emission

The i discriminate felling of trees, the elimination of forests and entirejungles eliminates the capacity of vegetation to absorb carbón dioxide into atmosphere.

Deforestation

Intensive livestock farming, the use of fertilizers and the burning of agricultural residues.

Agriculture

The production od materials such as steel and cement, among others, release large amount of carbon dioxide.

Industries and manufacturing processes

HISTORY OF ACID RAIN

Acid rain is produced by atmospheric pollution when gases of the burning of fuels reacts with oxygen in the air and wáter vapor and are transformes into acids carried by the rain.

The first appearances of acid rain were observed in Sweden in 1848, in England in 1877 and in Germany in 1867. Where It was published that for some reason the rains were more acidic than normal.

ORIGIN

Many studies pointe to the origin of the greenhouse effect at the bith of the Industrial Revolution. From that time on, the emission of the greenhouse gases into the atmosphere grew enormously, mainly due to the use of fossil fuels and thw production of electric power.

Solutions

Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions:The increase of using of renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power, instead of fossil fuel. Protecting and Restoring Ecosystems: One option is to plant tres and restore forests in bad conditions can help to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Adapting to Climate Change: Develop strategies for managing water resources such as water conservation, improving the irrigation techniques… Build buildings that resists to the impacts of climate change, such as sea-level, extreme weather events, and changes in temperature. Education and Awareness: concenciate people of the importance of climate change and reduduce the use of fuel.

origen: It is caused by the chemical reaction that begins when compunds such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, enter in air. The main precursors of acid rain is sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide, chemical compounds generated through two main routes: anthropogenic sources, mainly from the burning of fossil fuels, or natural sources, composed of volcane emissions and spring.

Consecuences: -Dissolution of marble and corrosion of metallic elements -Groundwater toxicity -Damage to the roots and lower resistance to peasts -Death of fish and algae in lakes and rivers -It causes damage to the lungs if you breath them -It causes damage to roots that deterionate and make them vulnerable to potassium, calcium and magnesium

SOLUTIONS FOR CFC´S AND O3 LAYER:

FOR CFC´S:Besides recycling, the demand for CFCs has been further reduced by the use of substitutes. Some applications, for example degreasing of metals and cleaning solvents for circuit boards, which once used CFCs now use halocarbon-free fluids, water (sometimes as steam), and diluted citric acids. FOR O3 LAYER: Minimize The Use of Vehicles. Use Eco-friendly Cleaning Products. Use Of Nitrous Oxide Should Be Prohibited. Pesticides Should Not Be Used. Ozone-Depleting Products Should Be Avoided. Renewable Sources of Energy. Reuse And Recycle.

Solutions:-Reduce the level of sulfur in fossil fuels -Reduce the combustion of fossil fuels -promote the use in natural gas in industry -Promote electric transportation -Insert the three-way catalytic converter -Generate electrical energy withut using fossil fuels

EFFECT

The effect of the ozone layer on the earth is to serve as a shield to protect the earth against the sun's harmful ultraviolet radiations.The problem is the effect of the CFC'S because they aren't destroyed in the atmosphere so they manage to rise to the atmosphere whwre the molecules of the ozone layer accumulate and destroy.