reported speech

grAMMAR

REPORTED

SPEECH

REPORTED

SPEECH

ÍNDEX

01. Common features

04. Questions

02. Statements

05. Suggestions

03. Commands

06. Other

Common Features

01

INDIRECT SPEECH IS...

To say what other people previously said. To do so, some changes take place:> Quotation marks disappear > A Reporting Verb is used (say, claim, suggest, ask, tell, etc) > Tenses are changed to a 'previous one' > Deictic elements change (time, space and people)

SOME EXAMPLES

DIRECT SPEECH

INDIRECT SPEECH

PRESENT SIMPLEPAST SIMPLE

PAST SIMPLEPAST PERFECT

vs

WILL

WOULD

CAN

COULD

SOME EXAMPLES

DIRECT SPEECH

INDIRECT SPEECH

TODAYTOMORROW

THAT DAYTHE NEXT/FOLLOWING DAY

vs

HERETHIS

THERETHAT

HE/SHE

02

Statements

BASIC CHANGES ARE DONE

'I AM NEVER GOING TO STUDY ENGLISH HERE'- SHE SAID SHE SAID THAT SHE WAS NEVER GOING TO STUDY ENGLISH THERE

REPORING VERBS: SAY (THAT), CLAIM (THAT), TELL (SB)**...

03

Commands

+ to inf- NOT TO INF

BASIC CHANGES +

'Open this door for me!' - she told him. She told him to open that door for her

Reporting verbs: tell**,command, order...

04

Questions

common changes + structure(s+v+c)

Yes/No

LINK:IF/WHETHER

Wh-

LINK: WH- WORD

Reporting verbs: ask**,want to know, wonder...

common changes + structure(s+v+c)

Yes/No

'DO YOU LIKE PIZZA?'- SHE ASKED ME SHE ASKED ME IF/WHETHER I LIKED PIZZA

Wh-

'WHO IS THIS BOY?' - HE ASKED HE ASKED ME WHO THAT BOY WAS

05

suggestions

COMMON DEICTIC CHANGES +

- THAT WE +V- V. ING

WHY DON'T WE...? SHALL WE...? LET'S...

'LET'S GO TO THE CINEMA!' - SAID CLARACLARA SUGGESTED THAT WE GO TO THE CINEMA CLARA SUGGESTED GOING TO THE CINEMA

REPORING VERBS: SUGGEST

06

Other

tell & ask

BEAR IN MIND...

TELL: statements OR commands 'Stop it!' --> She told me TO STOP it (command) ASK: questions OR commands/requests 'Could you open the door?' --> She asked me TO OPEN the door (request/command)

specific formulae

BEAR IN MIND...

There are certain formulae for specific utterances: 'Ouch!' --> he complaint/cried in pain, etc 'Congratulations!' --> he congratulated me

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