C1- PARTICIPLE CLAUSES

Participle clauses

• Feeling confident after months of intensive preparation, the C1 English students eagerly awaited the start of their end-of-year exam.
• Actively engaging in vocabulary drills, the C1 students enriched their word bank and prepared themselves for the diverse linguistic challenges of the exam.
• Armed with a comprehensive understanding of English grammar and vocabulary, the C1 students approached the exam with determination.
• Engaged in spirited discussions about exam strategies, the C1 students exchanged valuable tips and insights to support each other through the challenging test.
• Having reviewed past exam papers, the C1 students identified key patterns and strategies to maximize their performance during the upcoming test.
• Having completed many speaking exercises, the C1 students aim to polish their pronunciation and fluency before the exam.
• Immersed in English studies for the entire year, I find myself starting to feel a bit weary."

Feeling confident after months of intensive preparation, the C1 English students eagerly awaited the start of their end-of-year exam. Actively engaging in vocabulary drills, the C1 students enriched their word bank and prepared themselves for the diverse linguistic challenges of the exam. Armed with a comprehensive understanding of English grammar and vocabulary, the C1 students approached the exam with determination. Engaged in spirited discussions about exam strategies, the C1 students exchanged valuable tips and insights to support each other through the challenging test. Having reviewed past exam papers, the C1 students identified key patterns and strategies to maximize their performance during the upcoming test. Having completed many speaking exercises, the C1 students aim to polish their pronunciation and fluency before the exam. Immersed in English studies for the entire year, I find myself starting to feel a bit weary."

Types of participles?

"Practicing diligently every day, the C1 students are steadily improving their English skills in preparation for the exam." "Encouraged by their progress, the C1 students remained motivated to continue their studies and perform well in the exam." "Having completed numerous mock exams, the C1 students feel more confident about tackling the real test."

Perfect participle -having + past particple

Past participle -3rd column

Present participle -ing form

• We mainly use participle clauses in writing to make the style more concise.

• We use not before the participle to make it negative:

Not having caught the train,...

• The participle clause often comes before the main clause, but can come after it:

We decided to call a taxi, having missed the train.

• The subject of the participle clause must be the same as that in the main clause.

NOT Having missed the train, Jack gave us a lift (we missed the train, not Jack)

TIME

We can use a present participle to describe two actions happening at the same time, similar to the use of a clase with past continuous: Travelling to the station, we heard the news about the Prime Minister´s resignation. The present participle can also describe two actions happening close together in time: Picking up her briefcase, she left the room. To stress that one action was finished before another one, we use a perfect participle: Not having heard the bell, the children continued playing.

CAUSE

We can use participle clauses to describe the reason for the event in the main clause: Not knowing anyone at the party, I didn´t stay very long.

RESULT

We can use a present participle to explain the result of an action or situation in the main clause. The result clause comes after the main clause. This is common in formal or academic writing, and is often introduced with thus or thereby: The fire spread to the second floor of the building, causing widespread damage. Grants are offered on the basis of family income, thus making it possible for poorer students to afford a university education.

AFTER CONJUNCTIONS

We can use participle clauses with certain conjunctions (e.g. if, unless, when, while, after, before, once and although): While sorting through my drawer, I came across this newspaper cutting. Once planted, the tree should be watered regularly. If can be omitted in participle clauses, as a past participle on its own often has a (passive) conditional meaning (If) served with ice, it is a refreshing drink in hot weather. (=if it's served with...) (If) given the chance, I would love to go horse-riding. (= If I were given the chance...)

REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES

Relative clauses containing participles are often shortened, especially in spoken or more informal styles. Present participles have an active meaning: The woman sitting next to me had never flown before. (the woman who is sitting...) I'll have a word with the people working in the shop. (the people who work in the shop) Past participles have a passive meaning: The languages spoken in Switzerland are French, German, Italian, and Romansh. (the languages which are spoken) The route chosen for the race wen alongside the river. (The route that was chosen)

Rewrite these sentences with adverbial participle clauses suggesting cause and result. Start with the word(s) given in brackets, as in the example.

1. She had given it to him as a present, so she was furious when he sold it. (Having ...) 2. I tripped up on the pavement and hurt my knee. (I tripped ...) 3. As we haven't much money, we are staying at home this year. (Not ...) 4. Because prices are so high, demand has fallen considerably. (Prices) 5. The rain fell all night and left the roads covered with water. (The rain fell ...) 6. As the doctor hasn't seen the test results yet, he can't make a diagnosis. (Not ...)

1. She had given it to him as a present, so she was furious when he sold it. (Having ...) Having given it to him as a present, she was furious when he sold it. 2. I tripped up on the pavement and hurt my knee. (I tripped ...) I tripped up on the pavement hurting my knee. 3. As we haven't much money, we are staying at home this year. (Not ...) Not having much money, we are staying at home this year. 4. Because prices are so high, demand has fallen considerably. (Prices) Prices being so high, demand has fallen considerably. 5. The rain fell all night and left the roads covered with water. (The rain fell ...) The rain fell all night leaving the roads covered with water. 6. As the doctor hasn't seen the test results yet, he can't make a diagnosis. (Not ...) Not having seen the test results yet, the doctor can't make a diagnosis.

Think at least of 5 questions about health issues that begin with a participle clause. Choose from the sentence beginnings in the box or come up with your own.

Being… Not being … Having… Not having… Never having… Given the chance....Considering...Examining...Reflecting...

"Examining the role of lifestyle choices in preventing chronic diseases, how can individuals strike a balance between personal autonomy and public health recommendations?"

Make at least 5 sentences about yourself that begin with a participle clause. Choose from the sentence beginnings in the box or choose your own.

Being… Not being … Having… Not having… Never having… Given the chance…

• Having 2 brothers, I get really competitive in board games.
• Having lived in the same place all my life, I think I need to spread my wings a little
• Given the chance, I´d love to live and work in another country

1. Putting aside practical considerations such as money and time, if you could go on holiday anywhere in the world right now, where would you go?
2. Having traveled to various destinations, what advice would you give to someone planning their first solo journey?
3. Looking at it from a foreign learner´s point of view, what do you think the single most difficult thing about English is?
4. Having studied English for a number of years, what is the best piece of advice you could give a complete beginner?
5. Having witnessed the rise of social media, how do you perceive its influence on society today?
6. Having witnessed rapid advancements in technology, how do you think these changes have impacted society as a whole?
7. Having interacted with people from diverse backgrounds, what do you believe are the benefits of multiculturalism in today's society?

1. Having grown up in this city, would you say it is a good place for children?
2. Putting aside practical considerations such as money and time, if you could go on holiday anywhere in the world right now, where would you go?
3. Looking at it from a foreign learner´s point of view, what do you think the single most difficult thing about English is?
4. Looking at the short term, what changes do you expect to see in technology?
5. Having studied English for a number of years, what is the best piece of advice you could give a complete beginner?
6. Having lived through a period of increasing material wealth over the past few years, would you say you are any happier now as a result of this?

http://random-idea-english.blogspot.com/2011/05/participles-and-participle-clauses.html

http://moodleeoimanresa.com/eoimanresa/moodle/ANGLES/5/SOLSONA/Files-EnglishFileAdvanced/File8/2_Participle_Clauses_Worksheets&Key.pdf

Use participle clauses to describe one of the following:

1. How to cook your favourite meal/prepare your favourite cocktail 2. How to get from school to your house or apartment 3. How to build a table/chair/house etc. 4. How to repair a car/bicycle/computer 4. Something else they know how to do.