Aircraft Noise (Environmental)

Presentation

Aircraft noise

start

Aircraft Noise

index

Introduction

Objectives

Effect of the issue

Development

Conclusion

References

Introduction

Noise pollution is generally defined as the exposure of people or animals to levels of sound that are annoying, stressful, or damaging to the ears. Humans are exposed to noise constantly, from barely audible levels to potentially painful and damaging levels [Pepper,2003]. Civilian and military aircraft produce significant amounts of sound, the majority of which is produced from either a turbofan or turbojet engine (Manci and others 1988, Visser and Wijnen 2001). A forecast report by Airbus predicted that global air passenger traffic will continue to grow at an annual growth rate of 3.6% from 2019 to 2041. Therefore, the global air transport industry will continue to grow rapidly in the future, which will further aggravate global aircraft noise pollution. As we all know, aircraft noise will affect the health of residents around the airport.

Nowadays, countries all over the world have promulgated aircraft noise regulations to control aircraft noise pollution, which is forcing airports to adopt various noise reduction measures. For example, the European Union environmental noise regulation 2002/49/EC requires Member States to update the noise map every five years to assess the pollution level of aircraft noise. Up to 2009, at least 615 airports around the world had conducted noise reduction measures; most of them were Western countries [Netjasov, 2012]. Some airports around the world use fines or impose noise taxes in order to encourage airlines to adopt quieter aircraft [Girvin, 2009]. Sound insulation measures for surrounding buildings taken by several airports in Spain were able to reduce the impact of aircraft noise on communities [Asensio, 2012].

Objectives

• Describe the different effects of aircraft noise in relation to human health.
• Identify appropriate metrics to lessen the pollution bought by the aircraft noise.
• To equip aviation students on the practical guidance for use on minimizing the effects of aircraft noise.

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What causes aircraft noise?

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Federal Aviation Noise Legislation and Regulations

• Aviation Safety and Noise Abatement Act of 1979

• Airport Noise and Capacity Act of 1990

FAA Airport Noise Policy and Program

• Noise Standards: Aircraft Type and Airworthiness Certification (14 C.F.R. Part 36)
• Airport Noise Compatibility Planning (14 C.F.R. Part 150)
• Notice and Approval of Airport Noise and Access Restrictions (14 C.F.R. Part 161)

Effect of the issue

1. Existing research showed that aircraft noise will damage people’s hearing (Sayed, 2014), increase level of worries (Babish,2009) and interfere with people’s sleep (Kim, 2014).

2. Aircraft noise will increase the probability of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among children and even increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and coronary heart disease [Hansell, 2014]. 3. Cognitive performance and schoolchildren learning disorders are easily recognizable effects of aircraft noise pollution (Klatte et al., 2013; Passchier-Vermeer and Passchier, 2000) 4. Epidemiological (Babisch, 2006) studies have shown positive associations among hypertension, HBP, stroke, and heart failure. Chronic hypertension, and indeed stress, are causal factors for myocardial infarctions. 5. Tarnopolsky et al. (1980) revealed that acute mental health symptoms such as depression and irritability increased with aircraft noise. Speech or communication interference has also been linked to stress from aircraft noise.

Development (Xie, 2023)

Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport

Among them, B737-800 is the most popular aircraft type found in BIA (about 35%), and hence is supposed to exert a significant impact on the overall acoustic environment.

1. Optimization of the Aircraft Type

The first strategy proposed to reduce aircraft noise is to optimize aircraft types in the takeoff and landing stages.

Development (Xie, 2023)

Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport

Practice 1: transfer 50% of night flights to day and evening;Practice 2: transfer all night flights to day and evening (implement a curfew)

2. Regulation of Night Flight Numbers

The other practical scheme to alleviate the harmful effects of airport noise on nearby residents is to regulate the number of night flight.

Day (7:00∼19:00), Evening (19:00∼22:00) and Night (22:00∼7:00)

Development (Xie, 2023)

Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport

Logically, the total population that is affected by aircraft noise can be reduced if the aircraft avoids passing through the densely populated area near an airport. For BIA specifically, the buildings below the takeoff track of runway 02L/20R are sparsely distributed.

3. Optimization of the Flight Procedure

In general, people will be seriously affected by aircraft noise if an aircraft just flies overthem. Hence, for an airport where thousands of flights take off or land daily, the nearby residents are more easily exposed to the aircraft noise.

• Optimizatio

Development (Xie, 2023)

Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport

4. Modification of the Operating Runway

The main areas under high noise levels are often close to both ends of the runway. Hence, it is proposed to achieve better acoustic performance of the airport by regulating the operating scheme of the runways.

• Optimizatio

Development (Xie, 2023)

Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport

5. Land Use Planning

To minimize the effects of aircraft noise on the surrounding areas of an airport, goodland use planning is another active approach. Reasonable planning of land use can not onlycontrol aircraft noise pollution effectively, but also allows the harmonious development ofthe airport and society simultaneously.

Development (Xie, 2023)

Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport

6. Installation of Sound Insulation Windows

Installing sound insulation windows can be a effective way to reduce aircraft noise inside buildings near airports. These windows are designed to minimize the transmission of sound waves, helping to create a quiter indoor environment.

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Conclusion

Aircraft noise remains a pressing concern for communities around the world. With air travel continuing to grow, so does the impact of noise pollution on both urban and rural areas. Studies consistently highlight the adverse effects of aircraft noise on human health, quality of life, and the environment. However, there is hope in technological advancements and strategic measures. From the development of quieter engine technologies to the implementation of operational changes and regulatory policies, there are concrete steps that can be taken to mitigate aircraft noise.

References

Air Passenger Numbers to Recover in 2024. Available online: https://www.iata.org/en/pressroom/2022-releases/2022-03-01-01/ (accessed on 11 November 2022). Asensio, C.; Pavón, I.; Recuero, M.; Ausejo, M. Airport Noise Insulation Programs: The Spanish Case. Noise Vib. Worldw. 2012, 43, 8–15. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] Babisch, W.; Houthuijs, D.; Pershagen, G.; Cadum, E.; Katsouyanni, K.; Velonakis, M.; Dudley, M.L.; Marohn, H.; Swart, W.; Breugelmans, O.; et al. Annoyance due to aircraft noise has increased over the years—Results of the HYENA study. Environ. Int. 2009, 35, 1169–1176. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] Directive 2002/49/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 June 2002 Relating to the Assessment and Management of Environmental Noise Declaration by the Commission in the Conciliation Committee on the Directive Relating to the Assessment and Management of Environmental Noise; Technical Report; European Communities: Luxembourg, 2002. Faiyetole, A. A., & Sivowaku, J. T. (2021). The effects of aircraft noise on psychosocial health. Journal of Transport & Health, 22, 101230. Girvin, R. Aircraft noise-abatement and mitigation strategies. J. Air Transp. Manag. 2009, 15, 14–22. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] Global Market Forecast 2022; Technical Report; Airbus: Toulouse, France, 2022. Hansell, A.L.; Blangiardo, M.; Fortunato, L.; Floud, S.; Hoogh, K.D.; Fecht, D.; Ghosh, R.E.; Laszlo, H.E.; Pearson, C.; Beale, L. Aircraft noise and cardiovascular disease near Heathrow airport in London: Small area study. Br. Med. J. 2014, 348, g3504. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version

Kim, S.J.; Chai, S.K.; Lee, K.W.; Park, J.B.; Min, K.B.; Kil, H.G.; Lee, C.; Lee, K.J. Exposure–Response Relationship Between Aircraft Noise and Sleep Quality: A Community-based Cross-sectional Study. Osong Public Health Res. Perspect. 2014, 5, 108–114. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version] Manci. KM., Gladwin, D.N. and Villella. R. 1988. Effects of aircraft noise and sonic booms on domestic animals and wildlife: a literature synthesis. NERC 88/29, AFESC RE 88.14Netjasov, F. Contemporary measures for noise reduction in airport surroundings. Appl. Acoust. 2012, 73, 1076–1085. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] Pepper, C. B., Nascarella, M. A., & Kendall, R. J. (2003). A review of the effects of aircraft noise on wildlife and humans, current control mechanisms, and the need for further study. Environmental Management, 32, 418-432. Sayed, A.A. A Case Study of Cairo Airport Noise for Preserving Worker’s Hearing in Egypt. Acta Acust. United Acust. 2014, 100, 118–125. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] What causes Aircraft noise. https://youtu.be/VEiHYHWBIfY?si=NX3NBGj-BT4BoW5v Xie J, Zhu L, Lee HM. Aircraft Noise Reduction Strategies and Analysis of the Effects. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(2):1352. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph2002135 Yang R. (2021) Federal Airport Noise Regulations and Programs. https://sgp.fas.org/crs/misc/R46920.pdf

Team

ivan jes gasper

jenkie agunod

ivan miole

THANKS!

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