BRAVE NEW WORLD
Aldous Huxley
START
The title
summary
Huxley vs orwell
world state
entertainment
CASTES
index
question
SOMa
VIDEOS
marx and john
setting
main events
2540 CE year 632 AF World State
+ INFO
+ INFO
ending
+ INFO
Short summary
What is the world state?
Goals: stability and productivity. The Controllers who rule the World State try to make sure their citizens are always happy. Bernard tries to be more individual, but in the end he is seduced by the pleasure of promiscuity When John tries to embrace suffering, he ends up committing suicide. Their attempts to fight against the power of the World State are hopeless.
How are the castes different?
Alpha and Beta castes: embryos grow inside individual eggs. Gamma, Delta, and Epsilon castes: embryos grow in multiple identical units (Bokanovsky’s Process).
Ninety-six identical twins working ninenty-six identical machines!
A bokanovskified egg will bud, will proliferate, will divide.
Mustapha Mond
What is SOMA?
In small doses, soma makes people feel happy. In large doses, it creates pleasant hallucinations and a sense of timelessness. Hypnopaedic conditioning:
A gram is better than a damn
Protagonists
From the beginning of the novel until the visit to the Reservation, Bernard Marx is the protagonist. He's an outsider and feels unique. Bernard’s quest for autonomy and self-agency puts the plot in motion, as he decides to visit the Savage Reservation.
Bernard Marxand John the Savage
John is the ultimate outsider in the World State. "The purpose of life is not to be happy but to seek truth"
MIRANDA, SHAKESPEARE
O brave new world, that has such people in it!
The title
This phrase takes on an increasingly bitter, ironic, and pessimistic tone as he becomes more knowledgeable about the State.
Aldous huxley
George orwell
brave new world
1984
VERSUS
Control is maintained by constant government surveillance, secret police, and torture. Intimidation
Power is maintained through technological intervention. Citizens are happy and superficially fulfilled. Consequences: loss of dignity, morals, values, and emotions.
entertainment
The Fordist society in Brave New World deprives citizens of art in an effort to maintain happiness, suggesting that art leads to social instability. People would be unlikely to appreciate art, anyway. They are distracted from their lack of freedom.
beauty’s attractive, and we don’t want people to be attracted by old things. We want them to like the new ones.
UTOPIAOR DYSTOPIA?
In Brave New World the government openly controls the masses through the distribution of soma, which they willingly and eagerly consume.
In presenting a world where society has been perfected and people live happily and peacefully, Brave New World might be interpreted as an utopian novel. Genetic engineering and psychological conditioning have created a society of contented and happy citizens.
Is a world without war, violence, desease and with never-ending fun and distraction worth a total lack of freedom?
VIDEOS
1.INTERVIEW WITH HUXLEY 2.INTERVIEW WITH HUXLEY 3.Video essay about entertainment in modern society 4.Speech by Roberto Saviano (in italiano)
1.
4.
2.
3.
AF stands for “after Ford” as Henry Ford’s assembly line is revered as god-like; this era began when Ford introduced his Model T (in 1908). The novel examines a futuristic society, called the World State, that revolves around science and efficiency. In this society, emotions and individuality are conditioned out of children at a young age, and there are no lasting relationships because “everyone belongs to everyone else” .
The setting is the Central London hatchery and conditioning center, a modest gray building where all human life originates.
The Director leads a student tour of this huge human assembly line outlining the defining qualities of the five castes (Alphas, Betas, Gammas, Deltas and Epsilons) in which the society is devided. He explains how humans are genetically designed to fit into the rigid class system. The tour meets Lenina Crowne, an employee at the factory, who describes to them how she vaccinates embryos destined for tropical climates. The Director explains how from infancy people are conditioned to adopt the principles of the World State: consumerism, promiscuity, groupthink and rejection of solitude. Then Mustapha Mond, the leader of the World State, lectures the tour about why history, religion and literature are all forbidden topics. Bernard Marx and his friend, Helmholtz Watson, a propaganda expert, share their unhappiness with the World State shallowness and repression of individualism. Bernard prepares to take Lenina, his love interest, on a trip to a New Mexico Indian Reservation by getting the Director to sign his travel permit. The "Savage Reservation" is an area where the technologies of the World State have not been introduced. The “savages” still give birth, believe in gods and face physical pain and emotional suffering. Lenina is disgusted by the ugly old people in the Reservation. The only bright spot is meeting John the Savage. They also meet Linda, a Beta lost in the Reservation mountains 20 years earlier. She is John’s mother and she tells them that the Director is his father. Natural pregnancy is forbidden and Bernard sees that this would destroy the Director’s career. He returns to London with Linda and John and experiences a rise in popularity, as John’s guide. That popularity ends when John stops showing up at his parties. John’s repulsed by the clones and the promiscuity. Though he loves her, Lenina’s sexual advances violate his principles of monogamy.
When John is grief-stricken by his mother’s death, he starts to riot. Mustapha Mond calls Bernard, Helmholtz and John to his office where they discuss the repression of art, science and freedom. Bernard and Helmholtz are exiled to the Falkland Islands for their lack of conformity. Not allowed to join them, John chooses a life of solitude in a lighthouse where he gardens and attempts to purify himself by self-flagellation. People harass him and the crowds explode after the release of a film of John flagellating himself . He attacks Lenina with his wit. The following morning John is so ashamed that he commits suicide.
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Transcript
BRAVE NEW WORLD
Aldous Huxley
START
The title
summary
Huxley vs orwell
world state
entertainment
CASTES
index
question
SOMa
VIDEOS
marx and john
setting
main events
2540 CE year 632 AF World State
+ INFO
+ INFO
ending
+ INFO
Short summary
What is the world state?
Goals: stability and productivity. The Controllers who rule the World State try to make sure their citizens are always happy. Bernard tries to be more individual, but in the end he is seduced by the pleasure of promiscuity When John tries to embrace suffering, he ends up committing suicide. Their attempts to fight against the power of the World State are hopeless.
How are the castes different?
Alpha and Beta castes: embryos grow inside individual eggs. Gamma, Delta, and Epsilon castes: embryos grow in multiple identical units (Bokanovsky’s Process).
Ninety-six identical twins working ninenty-six identical machines!
A bokanovskified egg will bud, will proliferate, will divide.
Mustapha Mond
What is SOMA?
In small doses, soma makes people feel happy. In large doses, it creates pleasant hallucinations and a sense of timelessness. Hypnopaedic conditioning:
A gram is better than a damn
Protagonists
From the beginning of the novel until the visit to the Reservation, Bernard Marx is the protagonist. He's an outsider and feels unique. Bernard’s quest for autonomy and self-agency puts the plot in motion, as he decides to visit the Savage Reservation.
Bernard Marxand John the Savage
John is the ultimate outsider in the World State. "The purpose of life is not to be happy but to seek truth"
MIRANDA, SHAKESPEARE
O brave new world, that has such people in it!
The title
This phrase takes on an increasingly bitter, ironic, and pessimistic tone as he becomes more knowledgeable about the State.
Aldous huxley
George orwell
brave new world
1984
VERSUS
Control is maintained by constant government surveillance, secret police, and torture. Intimidation
Power is maintained through technological intervention. Citizens are happy and superficially fulfilled. Consequences: loss of dignity, morals, values, and emotions.
entertainment
The Fordist society in Brave New World deprives citizens of art in an effort to maintain happiness, suggesting that art leads to social instability. People would be unlikely to appreciate art, anyway. They are distracted from their lack of freedom.
beauty’s attractive, and we don’t want people to be attracted by old things. We want them to like the new ones.
UTOPIAOR DYSTOPIA?
In Brave New World the government openly controls the masses through the distribution of soma, which they willingly and eagerly consume.
In presenting a world where society has been perfected and people live happily and peacefully, Brave New World might be interpreted as an utopian novel. Genetic engineering and psychological conditioning have created a society of contented and happy citizens.
Is a world without war, violence, desease and with never-ending fun and distraction worth a total lack of freedom?
VIDEOS
1.INTERVIEW WITH HUXLEY 2.INTERVIEW WITH HUXLEY 3.Video essay about entertainment in modern society 4.Speech by Roberto Saviano (in italiano)
1.
4.
2.
3.
AF stands for “after Ford” as Henry Ford’s assembly line is revered as god-like; this era began when Ford introduced his Model T (in 1908). The novel examines a futuristic society, called the World State, that revolves around science and efficiency. In this society, emotions and individuality are conditioned out of children at a young age, and there are no lasting relationships because “everyone belongs to everyone else” . The setting is the Central London hatchery and conditioning center, a modest gray building where all human life originates.
The Director leads a student tour of this huge human assembly line outlining the defining qualities of the five castes (Alphas, Betas, Gammas, Deltas and Epsilons) in which the society is devided. He explains how humans are genetically designed to fit into the rigid class system. The tour meets Lenina Crowne, an employee at the factory, who describes to them how she vaccinates embryos destined for tropical climates. The Director explains how from infancy people are conditioned to adopt the principles of the World State: consumerism, promiscuity, groupthink and rejection of solitude. Then Mustapha Mond, the leader of the World State, lectures the tour about why history, religion and literature are all forbidden topics. Bernard Marx and his friend, Helmholtz Watson, a propaganda expert, share their unhappiness with the World State shallowness and repression of individualism. Bernard prepares to take Lenina, his love interest, on a trip to a New Mexico Indian Reservation by getting the Director to sign his travel permit. The "Savage Reservation" is an area where the technologies of the World State have not been introduced. The “savages” still give birth, believe in gods and face physical pain and emotional suffering. Lenina is disgusted by the ugly old people in the Reservation. The only bright spot is meeting John the Savage. They also meet Linda, a Beta lost in the Reservation mountains 20 years earlier. She is John’s mother and she tells them that the Director is his father. Natural pregnancy is forbidden and Bernard sees that this would destroy the Director’s career. He returns to London with Linda and John and experiences a rise in popularity, as John’s guide. That popularity ends when John stops showing up at his parties. John’s repulsed by the clones and the promiscuity. Though he loves her, Lenina’s sexual advances violate his principles of monogamy.
When John is grief-stricken by his mother’s death, he starts to riot. Mustapha Mond calls Bernard, Helmholtz and John to his office where they discuss the repression of art, science and freedom. Bernard and Helmholtz are exiled to the Falkland Islands for their lack of conformity. Not allowed to join them, John chooses a life of solitude in a lighthouse where he gardens and attempts to purify himself by self-flagellation. People harass him and the crowds explode after the release of a film of John flagellating himself . He attacks Lenina with his wit. The following morning John is so ashamed that he commits suicide.