Internal tissues

INTERNAL tISSUES

nADEGE cAFE

Embryonic Origin Of Tissues

-The zygote AKA the feritilized egg is a single cell formed by the fusion of an egg and a sperm.-After fertilization the zygote goes through rapid miotic cycles which generates many cells to form the embryo. -The first embryonic cells that are generated have the ability to divide into different types of cells which is called "totipotent" which means having the capacity/ability to divide, differentiate and develop into new organisms.

Germ layers

-Each lineage of thos embryonic cell forms different forms of germ layers -Ectoderm (OUTER) -Mesoderm (MIDDLE) -Endoderm (INNER)

internal tissues

• The term tissue is used to describe a group of cells that are found together in the body and work together to form specific functions.

• There are many types of tissues that are found in the body but are organized into four categories:
• Epithelial
• Connective
• Muscle
• Nervous

iNTERNAL TISSUES

includes:

• breast tissue
• fascia

• tendons
• lymphatics
• bone/bone marrow
• joints

Lupus- connective tissue

• Its a disease that occurs when our bodies immune system attacks its own tissue and organs (aka autoimmune disease)
• Inflammation from this disease tends to occur and when it does it affects the joints, skin, kidneys, blood cells, brain, heart and lungs.

Causes

• Lupus can happen due to our environment or genetics but the actual specific reason is unknown.

Theories

• Dysbiosis- "Imbalance in the gut which causes distrubtion to natural healthy microbiomes that resides in our gut.

Potential triggers:

Medications

Sunlight

Infections

Sunlight

• Exposure to the sun can cause skin lesions to form and can trigger something internally to susceptible people.

Infections

• Certain infections can cause the body stress levels to rise which can lead to Lupus, and can even cause a relapse to occur in some people.

Medication

• Can be triggered by certain blood pressure medications, anti-seizure medications and sometimes by antibiotics.

• Some people have drug induced flare ups and tend to get better when they stop taking that particularr medication.

Risk Factors

Gender-Most common in women

Age- Affects all ages but the age groups that is commonly diagnosed is people between the ages of 15 to 45.

Race- Blacks, asians and Hispanics are

Lupus Effects

Blood & Blood Vessels- may lead to blood problems . it can cause a reduction of the amount of healthy blood cells that are being produced(anemia)

Kidneys- Causes Kidney damage and kidney failure. (***#1 reason for fatality to occur)

Brain & Central nervous system- Headaches,dizziness, behavior changes, viision problems, strokes and even siezures . Memory problems can occur and tend to have difficulty expressing their thoughts.

Heart- Inflamation of the heart muscles.arteries, and the heart membrane. *Cardivascular disease and heart attacks risks are increased.

Lungs- Inflammation of the chest cavity lining, which makes breathing painful. Bleeding into the lungs and pneumonia also can happen.

Other complications

Pregnancy-Increased risk of miscarriages due to high blood pressure; or preterm birth can occur. * Doctors typically recommend on waiting to get pregannat until the disease has been under control for at least 6 month.

Inections- More vulnerableto infections

Cancer- Lupus can increase your risk of having cancer , but the risk is very small,

Bone tissue death- Normally occurs when the blood supply of a bone delines, which causes tiny breaks to occur which eventually leads to the bones collapsing

Diagnosis

• Biopsy

• Imaging Test:

• Labaratory test of the blood or urine would be tested and inlcude:

• biopsy of the kidney

• biospy of the skin

• Chest x-ray

• Echocardiogram

• Complete blood count
• errythocyte sedimentation rate
• kidney and liver assesment
• urinalysis
• Antinuclear antiody test (ANA test)

Prognosis

Statistics

Treatment

• About 1.5 million Americans have lupus, and there are an estimated 16,000 new cases each year.

• 80-90 % of lupus patients tend to live a normal life span

• Based off of signs and symptoms

• NSAID's- Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
• Anitmalarial drugs
• Corticosteroids
• Immunosuppresents
• Intrevenously- either with belimumab (Benlysta) or Rituximab (Rituxan, Truxima)

• People who are typically diagnosed can typically live up to 10 year after being diagnosed.

Psorasis- Epithelial Tissue

• A skin disease that causes a rash that leaves scalpy patches on the knees, elbows and scalp.
• chronic disease with no cure
• very painful
• the condition has it cycles where flare ups happen for weeks or months and then typically disappear

Stats

Causes

• About 2-3% of the world has some form of psorasis, thats over 125 million people.

• can be due to immune system issue that causes skin cells to grow faster than usual causing dry scaly patches.

Triggers

• can be due to immune system issue that causes skin cells to grow faster than usual causing dry scaly patches
• Normally can be dormantt for years but environmental factor can cause triigers
• Strep Throat or skin infections
• Cold weather
• smoking or second hand smoking
• injury to the skin from a bite,scratch,bug bite or even sunburn

• Heavy alchohol consumption
• certain medications- meds like lithium, high blood pressure meds, and antimalarial drugs
• rapid withdrawal of injected corticosteroids

Potential triggers:

Smoking

Family history

SMOKING

• Smoking tobacco can increase the risk but also increases the severity of the disease.

Family History

• Condition run in the family typically. Having one paent that has the disease increases chances of having the disease but having both parents with psorasis is a even higher chance.

Different types of psorasis

Nail Psorasis

Affects figernails, toenails, and causes pitting and abnormal nail growth and discoloration.

Plaque psoriasis

Most common type of psorasis and appears normally on the elbows, knees, lower back, and scalp

Different types of psorasis

Guttate Psorasis

Normally caused by the bacteria nfection that causes strep throat. and affects young adults and children. .

Inverse psoriasis

Normally affects skin folds of the groin, buttocks and breast.

Different types of psorasis

Pustular Psorasis

Rare type of psorasis and normally identified by the pus-filled blisters taht form on the skin normally appears in patches on the palms or the soles of the feet. .

Erythrodermic psoriasis.

Least common type of psorasis and can cover the whole body with a peeling rash that burns and itches.

Complications

Psoriatic Arthritis which causes pain,stiffness, and swelling in the joints

Temporary skin color changes due to areas where plaque has healed.

eye conditions like conjunctivitis, blepharitis, and uveitis

Obesity

*Type II diabetes

Diagnosis

• oral medicationI

• injected medication

• Topical Therapy

-Corticsteroids -Vitamin D analoges -Retinoids -Calcineurin inhibitors -Salicylic acid -Coal tar -Anthralin Light therapy (Phototherapy) -Excimer laser -Sunlight -UVB broadband & narrowband therapy -Psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) -Goeckerman therapy

• Healthcare provider will ask health questions and examine skin,scalp, and nails

tREATMENT

• Main goal is to stop the skin from growing back so quickly to remove sales that may form

Severe Asthma-Epithelial Tissue

• Chronic condition of the lungs that involves inflammation and hyperactivity of the airways.
• Can be triggered by allergens from the environment from things like pollen,dust, animal dander (skin flakes from animals), mold and other irritants. Perffumes, pollutants, and other microbes.

• Chronic or recurrent cough
• wheezing
• shortness of breath

• Chest tightness or pressure
• straining of the neck and chest muscles
• rapid breathing
• Changes in heart rate

Symptoms

• Spirometry Test

- a breathing test used to see how well the lungs are working, and test how much air and how fast you can move in and out of the lungs

• medium or high dose of inhaled corticosteroids

Diagnosis & Treatment

Prognosis

• considered severe when it is uncontrolled despite proper use of medication
• can impact daily activities resulting to one to miss work or school
• can be fatal; rarely

Stats

• On average, 10 people in the U.S. die from asthma each day. In 2021, 3,517 people died from asthma.
• Adults are 6 times more likely to die from asthma than children

Alzheimers Disease:Nervous Tissue

• Brain disorder that gets worse over time
• the brain shrink and brain cells to die
• The neurons become damaged and lose connections to each other
• caused by a combination of genetic, lifestyle and environmental factors that affect the brain
• Most common cause of dementia which is where the memory, thinking, behavior and social skills decline.
• affects a person day to day life

Symptoms & signs

• Early signs

-Forgetting recent events or conversations

• Progresses to extreme memory loss and lossing the ability to perform everday tasks

• About 6.5 million people in the United States age 65 and older live with Alzheimer's disease. Among them, more than 70% are 75 years old and older. Of the about 55 million people worldwide with dementia, 60% to 70% are estimated to have Alzheimer's disease.

Stats

• Tests of memory and thinking skills
• Blood and imaging tests can rule out other potential causes of the symptoms
• Physical and neurological test to test reflexes, muscle tone and strength, ability to get up and walk across a room, testing of the sight and hearing, coordination and balance
• MRI AND CT scans of the brain
• Positron emission tomography (PET) can capture images of the disease process.

Diagnosis

• Pneumonia is a common cause of death for individuals with alzheimers due to trouble of swalling food and beverages properly, causing those substance to enter the lungs which leads to infection
• common causes of death include dehydration, malnutrition, falls and other infections.

Prognosis

1. OpenStax, Lumen Learning &. “Anatomy and Physiology I.” Types of Tissues | Anatomy and Physiology I, courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-ap1/chapter/types-of-tissues/. Accessed 21 Apr. 2024.

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-ap1/chapter/types-of-tissues/ 2.OpenStax, Lumen Learning &. “Anatomy and Physiology I.” Types of Tissues | Anatomy and Physiology I, courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-ap1/chapter/types-of-tissues/. Accessed 21 Apr. 2024. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lupus/symptoms-causes/syc-20365789 3.“Lupus Facts and Statistics.” Lupus Foundation, Ohio, 9 Feb. 2021, lupusgreaterohio.org/lupus-facts-and-statistics/#:~:text=Lupus%20affects%201.5%20million%20Americans,16%2C000%20new%20cases%20each%20year. https://lupusgreaterohio.org/lupus-facts-and-statistics/#:~:text=Lupus%20affects%201.5%20million%20Americans,16%2C000%20new%20cases%20each%20year. Lupus

1. “Lupus Facts and Statistics.” Lupus Foundation, Ohio, 9 Feb. 2021, lupusgreaterohio.org/lupus-facts-and-statistics/#:~:text=Lupus%20affects%201.5%20million%20Americans,16%2C000%20new%20cases%20each%20year.

Psorasis: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/psoriasis/symptoms-causes/syc-20355840#dialogId64322713 2. “Lupus Facts and Statistics.” Lupus Foundation, Ohio, 9 Feb. 2021, lupusgreaterohio.org/lupus-facts-and-statistics/#:~:text=Lupus%20affects%201.5%20million%20Americans,16%2C000%20new%20cases%20each%20year. https://www.healthline.com/health/psoriasis/facts-statistics-infographic#:~:text=About%202%2D3%25%20of%20the,get%20psoriasis%2C%20regardless%20of%20age. Psorasis

1. “Severe Asthma.” American Academy of Allergy Asthma & Immunology, www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/asthma/severe-asthma. Accessed 21 Apr. 2024.

https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/asthma/severe-asthma 2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=koKuyLE8y8s Severe Asthma 1.“Alzheimer’s Disease.” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 13 Feb. 2024, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alzheimers-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350453. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alzheimers-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350453 Alzheimers disease

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