ILO MLC 2006, MARPOL etc. PESCINA 5F

Index

ILO (International Labour Organization)

MLC 2006 (Maritime Labour Convention, 2006)

MARPOL

Emergencies at sea

Moving waters and Tides

ILO’s Maritime Labour Convention, 2006

: It is an international treaty adopted by the International Labour Organization (ILO) that establishes minimum standards for seafarers' working conditions. The main objective of the MLC 2006 is to ensure decent working conditions for seafarers and improve their social protection. It covers a wide range of issues including recruitment and placement, working conditions, occupational safety and health, provisions for rest, leisure, and paid vacations, wages, and other aspects of maritime work. The MLC 2006 was adopted to ensure that ships navigating the seas adhere to humane and dignified labor standards, thus helping to prevent unfair competition and promoting balanced and safe working conditions for seafarers worldwide. As mentioned earlier, it is a specialized agency of the United Nations that deals with workers' rights, social issues, and employment. The ILO promotes social justice and human rights through international labor standards, policies, and programs covering a wide range of issues, including maritime labor. The MLC 2006 is one of the most important treaties managed by the ILO in the field of maritime labor.

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MARPOL

The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, known as MARPOL (short for "International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships"), is one of the most significant international agreements in the maritime sector. It was adopted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to address and reduce pollution caused by ships, both in the marine environment and in the air. Adoption and Entry into Force: The convention was adopted in 1973 and subsequently amended in 1978, with various annexes dealing with specific types of pollution and related preventive measures. It entered into force in 1983. Objectives: MARPOL aims to reduce pollution caused by ships through international standards and regulations. It focuses on various forms of pollution, including discharges of chemicals, liquid and solid wastes, atmospheric emissions, and other sources of contamination.

MARPOL

:Structure and Annexes: The convention is structured into six annexes, each addressing a specific aspect of marine pollution and related preventive measures. The annexes cover the following topics: - Annex I: Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Oil. - Annex II: Regulations for the Control of Pollution by Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk. - Annex III: Prevention of Pollution by Harmful Substances Carried by Sea in Packaged Form. - Annex IV: Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from Ships. - Annex V: Prevention of Pollution by Garbage from Ships. - Annex VI: Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships. Implementation: States that ratify the convention are required to implement and enforce MARPOL standards and regulations within their national jurisdictions. This includes adopting national laws and regulations that reflect MARPOL standards and implementing checks and sanctions to ensure compliance. MARPOL has had a significant impact on reducing marine and atmospheric pollution caused by ships, contributing to the protection of marine ecosystems and human health. It has been widely ratified by numerous states and continues to be a key instrument in the fight against marine pollution.

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Emergencies at Sea: Grounding

Grounding occurs when a vessel runs aground and comes into contact with the seabed or underwater obstacles. This can lead to various dangers, including hull damage, water ingress, and the risk of capsizing. Grounding may be caused by navigational errors, adverse weather conditions, equipment failure, or other factors. In the event of grounding, immediate actions may include assessing the extent of damage, attempting to refloat the vessel if feasible, and ensuring the safety of the crew and passengers.

Emergencies at Sea: Fire on board

Fires on board vessels are extremely hazardous due to the confined space, limited escape routes, and the presence of flammable materials such as fuel, oil, and cargo. Fires can be caused by various factors, including electrical faults, mechanical failures, cooking accidents, or deliberate acts . In the event of a fire, crew members must act swiftly to contain and extinguish the fire using appropriate firefighting equipment and procedures. Evacuation may be necessary if the fire cannot be controlled, and crew members should be prepared to use lifeboats or abandon ship if required.

Emergencies at Sea: Man Overboard (MOB)

A man overboard situation occurs when a person falls off a vessel into the water. MOB incidents can happen suddenly and may result from slips, trips, or falls, as well as intentional acts or adverse weather conditions. Immediate actions following a MOB incident include alerting the crew, initiating a man overboard recovery procedure, and deploying rescue equipment such as lifebuoys or recovery boats. Quick and effective response is crucial to increase the chances of successfully recovering the person from the water.

Moving waters

Ocean currents are continuous, directional movements of seawater generated by a variety of factors, including wind, temperature, salinity, and the Earth's rotation (Coriolis effect). These currents can flow at various depths and speeds, ranging from slow-moving surface currents to powerful deep-sea currents. Types of Currents: There are two main types of ocean currents: surface currents and deep currents. Surface currents are driven primarily by wind patterns and tend to flow horizontally across the ocean surface, influencing weather patterns and transporting heat and nutrients. Deep currents, also known as thermohaline circulation or the global conveyor belt, are driven by differences in water density caused by temperature and salinity variations. These currents circulate water vertically throughout the ocean's depths, playing a crucial role in regulating global climate and oceanic ecosystems.

Tides

Tides are the periodic rise and fall of sea levels caused by the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon and, to a lesser extent, the Sun on the Earth's oceans. The gravitational attraction between the Earth and these celestial bodies results in the formation of tidal bulges in the ocean, causing the water level to rise and fall cyclically. Types of Tides: Tides occur in predictable patterns and can be categorized into various types based on their frequency and magnitude. The most common types of tides are diurnal tides (one high tide and one low tide per day), semidiurnal tides (two high tides and two low tides of approximately equal magnitude per day), and mixed tides (a combination of diurnal and semidiurnal tides). Tidal Range: The difference in height between consecutive high and low tides is known as the tidal range. Tidal ranges vary depending on factors such as the location of the coastline, the shape of the seabed, and the alignment of the Earth, Moon, and Sun. Tides have significant implications for coastal communities, marine ecosystems, and human activities such as fishing, boating, and coastal development. They influence coastal erosion and sediment transport, affect the distribution of marine species and habitats, and provide opportunities for renewable energy generation through tidal power.

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Pescina Francesco Paolo 5F

Tip: Interactivity is the key to capturing the interest and attention of your audience. A genially is interactive because your audience explores and engages with it.

Tip: Interactivity is the key to capturing the interest and attention of your audience. A genially is interactive because your audience explores and engages with it.