The World and Decolonization
Economic, Social, & political
Samanvi, Thrushil, Shreyas
Introduction
Topic: Iran Brief Context: In Iran, nationalist movements began gaining strength in the late nineteenth century and over the course of the twentieth century, decolonization took varying forms in Iran, as did the new states and societies that emerged. Iran underwent revolutionary political and ideological changes. Objective/Goals: particularly through the nationalization of its oil industry in the early 1950s, to gain control over their own resources. The nationalization aimed to end the exploitation of Iran's oil wealth by foreign powers, particularly the British-owned Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC), and to redirect new profits towards modernization efforts. To strengthen Iran's independence and reduce its economic dependence on foreign interests, therefore empowering the governmentcontrol their economic and political future.
Nasir Al-Din Shah in late 19th century (Breland)
Political
After decolonization, Iran attempted to have a strong system of government “For more than a century, the people of Iran have struggled to establish a democratic system of government. The Constitutional Revolution of 1907 in Iran tried to replace absolute monarchical regime with constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy, but it had limited success and a dictatorial monarchy was imposed” (Abghari).
(“Lessons of 20th Century Communist Movement in Iran – International Communist Workers Party”)
Economic
¨Events such as the revolution itself and its social and political consequences, the 1980–88 Iran-Iraq War, as well as economic sanctions, emigration of experts, and flight of capital have all had their impact on the country’s economic development¨(Jalali-Naini)
Oil factory in industry (“The Nationalization of Iranian Oil – Commodities, Conflict, and Cooperation”)
Social
“Republic of Iran's policy against the Kurds as a case study to demonstrate how power shifts in favor of Islamist factions in early-1980s Iran legitimized a racist policy toward minorities in general and the Kurds in particular” (Shams). “Throughout Iran, various anticolonial and antioppression movements started to form. For instance, a liberation movement took place in southern Azerbaijan in 1919–1920, led by Sheikh Mohammed Khiabani, a progressive Azeri nationalist. Khiabani’s “Democratic Party of Azerbaijan” put out a newspaper called Tajaddud [Progress] and began spreading revolutionary and democratic ideas in Azerbaijan” (Alireza Asgharzadeh).
(“Enduring Myths of the 1979 Iranian Revolution”)
Uyghurs in China
religious practices. This includes restrictions on religious attire, the demolition of mosques, and efforts to assimilate Uyghurs into mainstream Chinese society.Call to Action - Cultural suppression must end immediately. We call on governments around the world to forcibly condemn China's actions in Xinjiang and to pressure the Chinese government to respect the fundamental rights of the Uyghur people.boycotting products implicated in forced labor practices in Xinjiang.
One of the main causes of the Uyghurs are that they are predominantly Muslim and have distinct cultural and characteristics that set them apart from the Han Chinese majority. These differences have contributed to tensions and distrust between the Uyghur population and the Chinese government. One of the main effects was that the Chinese government had implemented policies aimed at suppressing Uyghur culture, language, and
Works Cited
Abghari, Siavash. “POLITICAL ECONOMY OF POLITICAL POWER OF THE ISLAMIC REGIME IN IRAN.” Journal of Third World Studies, vol. 24, no. 1, 2007, pp. 247–66. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/45194361. Accessed 4 Apr. 2024.
Ahmad R. Jalali-Naini, et al. “Chapter 9 Economic Growth and Economic Policy in Iran: 1950–2003.” Contributions to Economic Analysis, Elsevier, 27 June 2014, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0573855506780099. Breland, Ali. “Beautiful Photos of Everyday Life in 19th and 20th Century Iran.” NPR, 6 Mar. 2015, www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2015/03/06/390938032/beautiful-photos-of-everyday-life-in-20th-century-iran. Alireza Asgharzadeh. “The Flourishing of Racist Ideology: From Pahlavi Monarchism to the Islamic Republic.” Palgrave Macmillan US EBooks, Palgrave Macmillan, Jan. 2007, pp. 85–117, https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230604889_4. Accessed 25 Feb. 2024. “Enduring Myths of the 1979 Iranian Revolution.” Middle East Institute, www.mei.edu/publications/enduring-myths-1979-iranian-revolution. Accessed 4 Apr. 2024. “Lessons of 20th Century Communist Movement in Iran – International Communist Workers Party.” Icwpredflag.org, icwpredflag.org/wp/wordpress/volume-8-number-17/lessons-of-20th-century-communist-movement-in-iran/. Accessed 4 Apr. 2024.
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Transcript
The World and Decolonization
Economic, Social, & political
Samanvi, Thrushil, Shreyas
Introduction
Topic: Iran Brief Context: In Iran, nationalist movements began gaining strength in the late nineteenth century and over the course of the twentieth century, decolonization took varying forms in Iran, as did the new states and societies that emerged. Iran underwent revolutionary political and ideological changes. Objective/Goals: particularly through the nationalization of its oil industry in the early 1950s, to gain control over their own resources. The nationalization aimed to end the exploitation of Iran's oil wealth by foreign powers, particularly the British-owned Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC), and to redirect new profits towards modernization efforts. To strengthen Iran's independence and reduce its economic dependence on foreign interests, therefore empowering the governmentcontrol their economic and political future.
Nasir Al-Din Shah in late 19th century (Breland)
Political
After decolonization, Iran attempted to have a strong system of government “For more than a century, the people of Iran have struggled to establish a democratic system of government. The Constitutional Revolution of 1907 in Iran tried to replace absolute monarchical regime with constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy, but it had limited success and a dictatorial monarchy was imposed” (Abghari).
(“Lessons of 20th Century Communist Movement in Iran – International Communist Workers Party”)
Economic
¨Events such as the revolution itself and its social and political consequences, the 1980–88 Iran-Iraq War, as well as economic sanctions, emigration of experts, and flight of capital have all had their impact on the country’s economic development¨(Jalali-Naini)
Oil factory in industry (“The Nationalization of Iranian Oil – Commodities, Conflict, and Cooperation”)
Social
“Republic of Iran's policy against the Kurds as a case study to demonstrate how power shifts in favor of Islamist factions in early-1980s Iran legitimized a racist policy toward minorities in general and the Kurds in particular” (Shams). “Throughout Iran, various anticolonial and antioppression movements started to form. For instance, a liberation movement took place in southern Azerbaijan in 1919–1920, led by Sheikh Mohammed Khiabani, a progressive Azeri nationalist. Khiabani’s “Democratic Party of Azerbaijan” put out a newspaper called Tajaddud [Progress] and began spreading revolutionary and democratic ideas in Azerbaijan” (Alireza Asgharzadeh).
(“Enduring Myths of the 1979 Iranian Revolution”)
Uyghurs in China
religious practices. This includes restrictions on religious attire, the demolition of mosques, and efforts to assimilate Uyghurs into mainstream Chinese society.Call to Action - Cultural suppression must end immediately. We call on governments around the world to forcibly condemn China's actions in Xinjiang and to pressure the Chinese government to respect the fundamental rights of the Uyghur people.boycotting products implicated in forced labor practices in Xinjiang.
One of the main causes of the Uyghurs are that they are predominantly Muslim and have distinct cultural and characteristics that set them apart from the Han Chinese majority. These differences have contributed to tensions and distrust between the Uyghur population and the Chinese government. One of the main effects was that the Chinese government had implemented policies aimed at suppressing Uyghur culture, language, and
Works Cited
Abghari, Siavash. “POLITICAL ECONOMY OF POLITICAL POWER OF THE ISLAMIC REGIME IN IRAN.” Journal of Third World Studies, vol. 24, no. 1, 2007, pp. 247–66. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/45194361. Accessed 4 Apr. 2024. Ahmad R. Jalali-Naini, et al. “Chapter 9 Economic Growth and Economic Policy in Iran: 1950–2003.” Contributions to Economic Analysis, Elsevier, 27 June 2014, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0573855506780099. Breland, Ali. “Beautiful Photos of Everyday Life in 19th and 20th Century Iran.” NPR, 6 Mar. 2015, www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2015/03/06/390938032/beautiful-photos-of-everyday-life-in-20th-century-iran. Alireza Asgharzadeh. “The Flourishing of Racist Ideology: From Pahlavi Monarchism to the Islamic Republic.” Palgrave Macmillan US EBooks, Palgrave Macmillan, Jan. 2007, pp. 85–117, https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230604889_4. Accessed 25 Feb. 2024. “Enduring Myths of the 1979 Iranian Revolution.” Middle East Institute, www.mei.edu/publications/enduring-myths-1979-iranian-revolution. Accessed 4 Apr. 2024. “Lessons of 20th Century Communist Movement in Iran – International Communist Workers Party.” Icwpredflag.org, icwpredflag.org/wp/wordpress/volume-8-number-17/lessons-of-20th-century-communist-movement-in-iran/. Accessed 4 Apr. 2024.