Infografía oido

EL OÍDO

01-

• DEFINICIÓN

• FUNCIÓN

• EQUILÍBRIO

• CONCLUSIÓN

02-

03-

04-

05-

06-

HUMAN

THE EXTERNAL AUDITORY PINNA EL PABELLÓN AUDITIVO EXTERNO

The External Auditory Pinna is the external part of the ear that is on the sides of the head, around the opening of the external auditory canal. It has a particular shape characterized by various areas and is made up of cartilage covered by skin tissues. It is responsible for receiving and decoding sounds, allowing you to hear.

ZOMBIES

We can say that the External Auditory Pinna is in some cases is kinda broken or missing part since it haves been decomposing ofr some time,it can also be slighly upgraded to capture more noises.

THE MIDDLE EAR OÍDO MEDIO

The middle ear is a nearly square cavity located within the petrous portion of the temporal bone. It is one of the three parts of the ear (the others being the outer ear and inner ear) and is situated above the cerebellum, between the brain masses and the eardrum. Within the petrous portion of the temporal bone lies the fallopian aqueduct, which contains the tympanic cavity, a space located partially behind the eardrum, and the epitympanic recess, or space above this membrane. The middle ear communicates anteriorly with the nasopharynx through the pharyngotympanic or auditory tube. The tympanic cavity communicates in the posterosuperior region with the mastoid air cells through the mastoid antrum. The tympanic cavity is lined with mucosa and continues with the auditory tube, mastoid air cells, and mastoid antrum.

HUMANS

THE STAPES EL ESTRIBO

Stapes: the smallest bone in the human body. The stapes, located in the middle ear, is the lightest of the ossicles; it articulates with the incus on one side and with the oval window on the other. Discovered by Professor Gianfilippo Ingrassia of the University of Naples in 1546, it transmits vibrations carried by the ossicular chain to the inner ear, thus facilitating communication between the middle and inner ear. The stapes consists of a head, two arches, and a base. The head articulates with the lenticular process of the incus, while the two arches (anterior and posterior) connect the head to the base. The base is merely a thin elliptical bony layer that occupies the oval window.

ZOMBIES

A zombie's ear stapes may be deformed and corroded, appearing darker and more deteriorated compared to the normal human stapes. It may be covered in spots of necrosis and its structure may be compromised, affecting its ability to efficiently transmit signals. sound vibrations to the inner ear This condition could result in hearing being severely compromised or even in complete loss of hearing function in the zombie.

HUMANS

THE COCHLEA EL CARACOL O CÓCLEA

The cochlea is the part of the inner ear involved in hearing. It's a spiral-shaped cavity located in the bony labyrinth, which in humans completes 2.75 turns around its axis, the modiolus. A central component of the cochlea is the organ of Corti, the sensory organ of hearing, distributed along the partition separating the fluid-filled chambers in the cochlear coiled conical tube.The cochlea is filled with a watery fluid, endolymph, which moves in response to vibrations arriving from the middle ear through the oval window. As the fluid moves, the cochlear partition (basilar membrane and organ of Corti) shifts; Thousands of hair cells perceive the movement through their stereocilia and convert it into electrical signals communicated via neurotransmitters to many thousands of nerve cells. These primary auditory neurons transform the signals into electrochemical impulses known as action potentials, which travel along the auditory nerve to structures in the brainstem for further processing.

ZOMBIES

The cochlea could have inproved hair cells and better liquid that moves better because of the vibrations or it cuold be iqual and the rest of the parts could be inporved making it better because more vibrations will come and even stronger.

THE DEFINITION LA DEFINICIÓN

The ear is the organ that allows hearing and (in mammals) body balance through the vestibular system. In mammals, the ear is often described as having three parts: the outer ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear. It plays an essential role in hearing, balance, and spatial orientation.

EQUILIBRIOCEPTION EQUILIBRIO

Equilibrioception, or the sense of balance, is one of the physiological senses. Moreover, thanks to all the systems that collaborate to coordinate this physical ability, we can keep the center of gravity in its position and thus avoid constant falls.Your sense of balance is made up of different systems working together to maintain stability in yourbody and sight. Good balance depends on several factors: • The correct sensory information from your eyes (vision system), muscles, tendons, and joints (sense of proprioception), and from the balance organs in the inner ear (vestibular sense). • The brainstem processing this sensory information and making sense of it, along with other parts of the brain. • The movement of your eyes to keep objects in your sight stable and maintain your balance (the motor output)

Vestibular system: The balance organs in the inner ear tell the brain about the movements and position of your head. There is a set of three tubes (semicircular canals) in each ear, and these sense when you move your head and help you keep your sight clear. There are also two structures in each ear calledotoliths (the saccule and utricle). These tell the brain when the head is moving directly (such as when traveling in a car or going up and down in an elevator), and sense even when the head is in a fixed position (looking up or tilted). In zombies, the balance organ is quite deteriorated (depending on the level of decomposition, the symptoms are more noticeable), hence their clumsy way of walking and those continuous falls losing the center of gravity. Besides, the coordination of their physical abilities is terrible

OUTER EAR OIDO EXTERNO

The outer ear is the most external part of the ear, consisting of the auricle (pinna) and the external auditory canal. Its function is to capture sound and transmit it to the middle and inner ear. It is comprised of the auricle, which enhances frequency and localizes the sound source, and the external auditory canal, through which sound waves are transmitted to the eardrum (tympanic membrane).

THE FUNCTION LA FUNCIÓN

The function of the hearing organ is that it allows us to capture sound waves and sounds that are produced in the environment, a fundamental ability to locate ourselves and to act.

THE CONCLUSION LA CONCLUSIÓN

we have come to a conclusion that the hearing of the zombies is better than ours but since the nerves and other parts could be damaged it results that them are so easily distracted and can be disctracted by any sound that is loud or continuos. Part of this problem its that the brain cant perform good if the nerves are damaged.

EXTERNAL AUDITORY CANAL CANAL AUDITIVO EXTERNO

HUMANS

The external auditory canal, or external auditory meatus, is a cavity in the outer ear whose function is to conduct sound (vibrations caused by air variations) from the auricle to the tympanic membrane.

The auditory canal measures approximately 25 to 30 mm in length and has a diameter of about 7 mm². It has a resonant frequency around 3 kHz.

Composition: Earwax is a viscous substance that contains certain chemical components. In addition to protecting the ear and auditory canal from loud sounds, it also guards against infections. Earwax collects dirt and keeps the canal clean. Along its path, it includes: Sebaceous glands, which produce cerumen (earwax) that prevents the penetration of dust and retains foreign particles. Short hairs, sensitive to the presence of foreign bodies.

THE POSTERIOR LABYRINTH LABERINTO POSTERIOR

HUMANS

The posterior labyrinth or vestibular system functions to perceive the body's position in space and maintain balance. It consists of the semicircular canals and a chamber, the vestibule, which is divided into two parts called the utricle and saccule.The inner ear, housed within the temporal bone, consists of three main cavities: the vestibule (containing balance receptors), semicircular canals (housing balance receptors), and cochlea (containing sound-receptor cells). Nerve fibers from these structures form the vestibulocochlear nerve, which connects to the brain. The inner ear includes the osseous labyrinth (a bony cavity) enclosing the membranous labyrinth (containing fluid-filled ducts), with endolymph and perilymph fluids. Endolymph, rich in potassium, is similar to intracellular fluid, while perilymph, rich in sodium, resembles extracellular fluid.

ZOMBIES

The posterior laberinth of the zombies is deformed and the sensorial membranes could be damaged or compleatly gone whitch will result on a compleat loss of audition.Its possible that there is an abnormal growing of the bone or connective tissue witch could interfear even more whith the capacities of hearing

HUMAN

THE HAMMER EL MARTILLO

The hammer is the largest ossicle in the ear; the function of the hammer is to transmit the vibrations of sound waves to the anvil. It is made up of five parts: The head, the neck, the manubrium and two processes (anterior and lateral).

The malleus has a smooth, ovoid head that articulates with the incus. Its articular facet forms a 90ºangle and includes a larger upper part and a smaller lower part. Additionally, it features a tooth-like projection known as the lateral process or spur

The neck connects the head to the manubrium and corresponds to the Pars flaccida of the tympanic membrane, a small triangular-shaped area located at the top of the eardrum.

The lateral part connects with the eardrum. In the posterior and medial part it is low, but the end is curved forward and flattens transversely. In the middle there is a slight protrusion that reaches the tendon responsible for the pressure of the eardrum.

The anterior process of the malleus is a thin bony plate that originates below the neck of the malleus and connects to Glaser's petrotympanic fissure. The lateral process is a conical bony projection originating from the base of the handle, extending laterally and connecting to the upper part of the tympanic membrane or the end of Rivinus' notch. These structures are important in the anatomy of the middle ear, contributing to the transmission and amplification of sound vibrations to the inner ear.

INTERN EAR OIDO INTERNO

The inter ear, or labyrinth, is one of the three divisions of the ear. It is located within the skull, in the petrous pyramid or rock-like part of the temporal bone, which contains a cavity called the osseous labyrinth. Concept: It consists of two distinct parts: Anterior labyrinth, also known as the cochlea or snail-shaped structure, responsible for hearing. Posterior labyrinth or vestibular system, which perceives the body's position in space and maintains balance. It comprises the semicircular canals and a chamber called the vestibule, divided into two parts known as the utricle and saccule.

HUMANS

THE AUDITORY NERVE NERVIO AUDITIVO

The vestibulocochlear nerve, also known as the eighth paired cranial nerve, consists of two divisions: vestibular fibers and cochlear fibers, both serving purely sensory functions. Emerging from their respective roots, the vestibular root (giving rise to the vestibular nerve) and the cochlear root (giving rise to the cochlear nerve) originate from the vestibular and cochlear nuclei located in the brainstem. These roots merge to form the vestibulocochlear nerve trunk within the posterior cranial fossa, in the petrous part of the temporal bone. Upon reaching the inner ear, the vestibulocochlear nerve divides again into the vestibular and cochlear parts, supplying the target tissues of the inner ear. Given that it provides special sensory functions (balance and hearing), this nerve would be functionally classified as a special somatic afferent rather than a general somatic afferent.

ZOMBIES

IIts probably damaged and it doesnt work well, we can see that on their movements that the nerves are damaged and dont capture the stuff well

HUMAN

THE EARDRUM EL TÍMPANO

The eardrum is a semi-transparent, conical-shaped elastic membrane that connects the external auditory canal with the middle ear. It is very thin (approximately 3mm thick) and covered by thin skin on its external side and by middle ear mucosa on its internal side. It has a depression concave to the external auditory canal, given by the lateral process of the Mallet ossicle. The tympanic membrane moves as a result of the vibrations of the air that arrives through the external auditory canal.The movements of the eardrum are transmitted to the middle ear through the movements of the ossicles, which transforms the pressure variation into mechanical movements.

ZOMBIES

The eardrum of the zombies is probably is detiriorated and decompossed, and whith dead parts and possibly perforated or rashed parts because of the decomposition. Its porbable that its has lost some estructure and it haves affected its ability to hear that what makes its aspect being so deteriorated.

EUSTACHIAN TUBE TROMPA DE EUSTAQUIO

The Eustachian tube, also known as the auditory tube or pharyngotympanic tube, is a tube that connects the nasopharynx with the middle ear, of which it is also a part. In adult humans, the Eustachian tube measures approximately 35 mm (1.4 inches) in length and 3 mm (0.12 inches) in diameter. It is named after the 16th-century Italian anatomist Bartolomeo Eustachi.

The Eustachian tube extends from the middle ear's anterior wall to the nasopharynx's lateral wall. It comprises a bony part, approximately 12 mm long, starting at the tympanic cavity's anterior wall, and a cartilaginous part, about 24 mm long, formed by elastic fibrocartilage. The cartilage's upper edge curves, forming a hook-like appearance, with a groove or sulcus beneath it. This tube's diameter varies, being wider at the pharyngeal opening and narrower at the junction of its bony and cartilaginous parts. The tube's mucous membrane continues into the nasal part of the pharynx and the tympanic cavity, lined with ciliated epithelium and containing mucous glands, with adenoid tissue near the pharyngeal opening

THE HAMMER EL MARTILLO

ZOMBIES:

Its the biggets bone in th ear we can think that its bigger and better at passing vibrations to the anvil, in some cases it could also be expossed since the zombies its decomposing.it connects to varius parts of the ear to be able to pick any vibrations easily it could be of another material that is more capable of picking and transmiting vibrations/sounds.

HUMANS

THE INCUS EL YUNQUE

The incus is a small bone about 0.7 cm in size located between the malleus and the stapes. The function of the incus in the ear is to transmit vibrations produced by sound waves. Described by Alessandro Achillini, it resembles a molar and has a body and two roots (called branches or processes). The body of the incus is cuboid in shape and slightly flattened in the transverse direction. From the body emerge two branches: the short (or superior) branch extends towards the posterior part of the tympanic cavity; the long (or inferior) branch extends downwards and ends with the lenticular process, through which the incus articulates with the stapes.

ZOMBIES

The anvil is what comes next to the hammer its very inportant since whith out this we cant hear any thing we can say zombies have a bertter one or of an better material

HUMANS

THE SEMICIRCULAR CANALS CONDUCTOS SEMICIRCULARES

The semicircular canals/ducts are a bony-hair-tubular structure classified in some sources as the organ of balance and in others as a kind of lymphatic organelle associated with the inner ear as a whole, regulating the crucial function of maintaining the dynamic and static balance of the human body in the vertical and horizontal planes of the x, y, z axes; versus angular and linear acceleration relative to the situational plane.The semicircular canals, saccule, and utricle play crucial roles in maintaining balance by detecting fluid movement in response to body motion. Within these structures, sensory hair cells convert this movement into electrical signals, which are transmitted to the brain via the vestibulocochlear nerve. These signals, combined with visual and tactile input, provide the brain with information about the body's position and movement, contributing to our sense of equilibrium, much like a bubble level aids in determining alignment.

ZOMBIES

The semicircular conductors of a zombie would be deformed and worn showing signs of rot and deterioration instead of being sensitive to movement and aiding in balance they could be covered with necrotic tissue and bone fragments placed. Instead of sending signals to the brain to maintain balance, they could contribute to the zombie's clumsiness and lack of coordination, making its walking even more erratic and disordered.