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3rd Year Revision before the test unit 5

Татьяна Яблокова

Created on March 31, 2024

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Transcript

Unit 5

REVISION BEFORE THE TEST

Start

Index

HEADLINES

APC

INVERSION

RELATIVE CLAUSES

NOMINALISATION

HEADLINES

Verizon to invest $5 billion in US small business suppliers over next 5 years

+ info

Spain investigates cyber weaknesses at small power plants after blackout, FT reports

+ info

U.S. Hunts Chinese Malware That Could Disrupt American Military Operations

+ info

The Best Internet Security: Layers of Protection, and Good Habits

+ info

How Does DeepSeek’s A.I. Chatbot Navigate China’s Censors? Awkwardly.

+ info

Trump Officials Say Ex-Leader of Cybersecurity Agency Is Under Investigation

+ info

Amazon Said to Make a Bid to Buy TikTok in the U.S.

+ info

U.S. Says Blast in Yemen Was Caused by Houthi Missile, Not U.S. Strike

+ info

Spain Seeks to Curb Foreign Buyers Amid Growing Housing Crisis

+ info

A dedicated cyclist and activist hails a program aimed at reducing car traffic.

+ info

INVERSION

The expertise of cybersecurity pioneer Dan Kaminsky was so profound that he managed to identify and address critical vulnerabilities, significantly strengthening global internet security.

+ info

Having uncovered a sophisticated zero-day vulnerability, cybersecurity researcher Alex Stamos still has high hopes that her findings will improve global digital defenses, if international agencies and private companies collaborate effectively.

+ info

As soon as the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) issued new guidelines on ransomware prevention, it immediately marked a significant step forward in protecting critical infrastructure.

+ info

The cybersecurity industry has never faced such relentless threats, with cybercriminals increasingly deploying AI-driven attacks that challenge even the most advanced security systems.

+ info

Nations around the world have agreed to enhance data privacy laws only after facing widespread breaches and a series of high-profile cyberattacks on government and corporate networks.

+ info

The cybersecurity startup didn’t realize that it would undergo a major overhaul after revealing vulnerabilities in widely used encryption protocols, prompting urgent industry-wide reforms.

+ info

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) launched a new initiative last week to combat cyber espionage, and they also emphasized the importance of securing supply chains against malicious cyber actors.

+ info

The company wouldn’t have implemented stricter cybersecurity measures if it hadn’t suffered a significant breach exposing sensitive customer data.

+ info

If global financial institutions didn’t continuously innovate their defense mechanisms, they wouldn’t be able to withstand increasingly sophisticated cyber assaults.

+ info

Governments across Europe have not pursued uniform cybersecurity strategies, and they have not synchronized their efforts to counter transnational cyber threats either.

+ info

RELATIVE CLAUSES

The ongoing negotiations between technology firms and government agencies aim to establish new data sharing protocols ________ are critical for combating cybercrime across borders.

+ info

The new Cybersecurity Director at NATO _______ has extensive experience in digital defense, is tasked with enhancing collaborative efforts among member states _______ have previously faced difficulties in coordinating cyber responses.

+ info

Ahead of the G7 cybersecurity summit, leaders discussed cyber resilience issues, which underscored the growing importance of joint action against state-sponsored cyberattacks.

+ info

Emphasizing the importance of international cooperation, the European Union is seeking to strengthen its cyber defense alliances with neighboring countries ________ have faced increased cyber threats in recent years.

+ info

The efforts led by the INTERPOL Digital Crime Centre aim to combat transnational cybercrime _______ has escalated due to the proliferation of dark web marketplaces and ransomware networks.

+ info

The head of cybersecurity at the World Economic Forum _______ has emphasized global cooperation, addressed the urgent need for shared standards on cyber incident reporting _______ is crucial for rapid response.

+ info

The cybersecurity agency in Australia _______ has been a leader in cyber threat intelligence, is managing complex operations to counteract increasing espionage activities by state actors.

+ info

NOMINALISATION

Organizations often assume that they have robust cybersecurity measures in place, which can be misleading, as many remain vulnerable to sophisticated attacks.

+ info

Corporations need to reverse outdated cybersecurity policies to adapt to evolving digital threats and improve data protection.

+ info

Governments are reluctant to share cyber threat intelligence, which hampers international efforts to combat cybercrime.

+ info

The industry is developing new encryption technologies to safeguard sensitive information from cyber espionage activities.

+ info

Decentralizing systems, disrupting digital processes, and leading the private sector are causing shifts that threaten the relevance of traditional governance structures.

+ info

Paraphrase the underlined parts of the sentences using the genitive ’s where possible.

On March 15, we commemorate the anniversary of the first cybersecurity breakthrough, which marked a turning point in digital security.

+ info

When a cybersecurity breach occurs, organizations are required to notify affected users within 72 hours, especially if sensitive information is compromised.

+ info

Without a doubt, alongside artificial intelligence, the most significant disruptor to data privacy is the emergence of quantum computing.

+ info

The hacker group, which identified itself as ShadowLink, targeted financial institutions in Asia during the latest cyberattack last September.

+ info

Regarding international cooperation on cybercrime, experts stated that some countries deny allegations of harboring cybercriminal networks within their borders.

+ info

The cybersecurity firm, known as CyberSentinel, criticized the effectiveness of current government cybersecurity policies and called them "insufficient."

+ info

When implementing cybersecurity measures, it is essential to consider the sensitivity of the data involved and ensure appropriate access controls.

+ info

Let’s examine the daily routine of a cybersecurity analyst, who often works overnight shifts, ignores regular breaks, and is known for monitoring network activity late into the night.

+ info

The origin of the recent ransomware attack was unclear, with no definite indication of the national source responsible for the intrusion.

+ info

Decentralizing systems, disrupting digital processes, and leading the private sector are causing shifts that threaten the relevance of traditional governance structures.

The decentralization of systems, digital disruption, and private sector leadership are causing a shift that threatens the relevance of traditional governance structures.

not.... not

The ongoing negotiations between technology firms and government agencies aim to establish new data sharing protocols, which are critical for combating cybercrime across borders.

Corporations need to reverse outdated cybersecurity policies to adapt to evolving digital threats and improve data protection.

The reversal of outdated cybersecurity policies by corporations is crucial to adapting to evolving digital threats and ensuring data protection.

not.... not

The new Cybersecurity Director at NATO, who has extensive experience in digital defense, is tasked with enhancing collaborative efforts among member states, which have previously faced difficulties in coordinating cyber responses.

No nukes for Ukraine – State Department

The US won’t gift nukes to Kiev, but a top official refused to publicly rule out a first strike

Decentralizing systems, disrupting digital processes, and leading the private sector are causing shifts that threaten the relevance of traditional governance structures.

The decentralization of systems, digital disruption, and private sector leadership are causing a shift that threatens the relevance of traditional governance structures.

Having uncovered a sophisticated zero-day vulnerability, cybersecurity researcher Alex Stamos still has high hopes that her findings will improve global digital defenses, should international agencies and private companies collaborate effectively.

if international agencies should international agencies and private companies collaborate

Decentralizing systems, disrupting digital processes, and leading the private sector are causing shifts that threaten the relevance of traditional governance structures.

The decentralization of systems, digital disruption, and private sector leadership are causing a shift that threatens the relevance of traditional governance structures.

Trump administration officials said on Thursday that Chris Krebs, who debunked President Trump’s lies about the 2020 election as head of the federal cybersecurity agency, lost his membership in an expedited customs program for travelers because he is facing a federal investigation.

Trump Officials Say Ex-Leader of Cybersecurity Agency Is Under Investigation

So profound was the expertise of cybersecurity pioneer Dan Kaminsky that he managed to identify and address critical vulnerabilities, significantly strengthening global internet security.

So profound was the expertise

The European Union is expected to sanction nine individuals in connection with violence in the Democratic Republic of Congo, two EU diplomats said on Friday.

EU to sanction nine people over Congo violence, diplomats say

not.... not

Emphasizing the importance of international cooperation, the European Union is seeking to strengthen its cyber defense alliances with neighboring countries, which have faced increased cyber threats in recent years.

The industry is developing new encryption technologies to safeguard sensitive information from cyber espionage activities.

The development of new encryption technologies is central to safeguarding sensitive information against increasingly sophisticated cyber espionage activities.

Were global financial institutions not to continuously innovate their defense mechanisms, they wouldn’t be able to withstand increasingly sophisticated cyber assaults.

If global financial institutions .... didn’t innovate

Were .... to do

Decentralizing systems, disrupting digital processes, and leading the private sector are causing shifts that threaten the relevance of traditional governance structures.

The decentralization of systems, digital disruption, and private sector leadership are causing a shift that threatens the relevance of traditional governance structures.

has never been

Never before has the cybersecurity industry faced such relentless threats, with cybercriminals increasingly deploying AI-driven attacks that challenge even the most advanced security systems.

Never before has

Governments across Europe have not pursued uniform cybersecurity strategies, nor have they synchronized their efforts to counter transnational cyber threats either.

not.... not

......., nor has...

Organizations often assume that they have robust cybersecurity measures in place, which can be misleading, as many remain vulnerable to sophisticated attacks.

The assumption that all organizations have robust cybersecurity measures in place is often misleading, as many remain vulnerable to sophisticated attacks.

Decentralizing systems, disrupting digital processes, and leading the private sector are causing shifts that threaten the relevance of traditional governance structures.

The decentralization of systems, digital disruption, and private sector leadership are causing a shift that threatens the relevance of traditional governance structures.

Governments are reluctant to share cyber threat intelligence, which hampers international efforts to combat cybercrime.

The reluctance of governments to share cyber threat intelligence hampers international efforts to combat cybercrime effectively.

U.S. Says Blast in Yemen Was Caused by Houthi Missile, Not U.S. Strike

An explosion near a UNESCO world heritage site in Yemen’s capital on Sunday killed 12 people, according to health authorities tied to the Houthi-led government.

not.... not

The head of cybersecurity at the World Economic Forum, who has emphasized global cooperation, addressed the urgent need for shared standards on cyber incident reporting, which is crucial for rapid response.

Decentralizing systems, disrupting digital processes, and leading the private sector are causing shifts that threaten the relevance of traditional governance structures.

The decentralization of systems, digital disruption, and private sector leadership are causing a shift that threatens the relevance of traditional governance structures.

Only after facing widespread breaches and a series of high-profile cyberattacks on government and corporate networks has nations around the world have agreed to enhance data privacy laws

only after .... has

No single app can protect you from an ever-changing array of new malware. The best protection consists of setting up and maintaining layers of security on your devices: keeping your operating system, browsers, and software updated, paying for decent but not overbearing virus and malware protection, installing browser extensions for Web privacy and security, and getting into smart security habits.

The Best Internet Security: Layers of Protection, and Good Habits

The company wouldn’t have implemented stricter cybersecurity measures had it not suffered a significant breach exposing sensitive customer data.

if it hadn’t suffered

had it not

Asked about sensitive topics, the bot would begin to answer, then stop and delete its own work. It refused to answer questions like: “Who is Xi Jinping?”

How Does DeepSeek’s A.I. Chatbot Navigate China’s Censors? Awkwardly.

The e-commerce giant put in a last-minute offer for the popular video app, according to three people familiar with the talks. TikTok faces a Saturday deadline to change its ownership structure.

Amazon Said to Make a Bid to Buy TikTok in the U.S.

American intelligence officials believe the malware could give China the power to disrupt or slow American deployments or resupply operations, including during a Chinese move against Taiwan.

U.S. Hunts Chinese Malware That Could Disrupt American Military Operations

Decentralizing systems, disrupting digital processes, and leading the private sector are causing shifts that threaten the relevance of traditional governance structures.

The decentralization of systems, digital disruption, and private sector leadership are causing a shift that threatens the relevance of traditional governance structures.

Kathy Park Price, a community organizer for the nonprofit organization Transportation Alternatives, celebrated the start of congestion pricing in New York by cycling from her home in Park Slope, Brooklyn to the group’s offices in Lower Manhattan on Monday morning.

A dedicated cyclist and activist hails a program aimed at reducing car traffic.Video

The country is at the forefront of a wider crunch spreading across Europe, and its prime minister has proposed a 100 percent tax aimed at foreign real estate investors.

Spain Seeks to Curb Foreign Buyers Amid Growing Housing Crisis

Decentralizing systems, disrupting digital processes, and leading the private sector are causing shifts that threaten the relevance of traditional governance structures.

The decentralization of systems, digital disruption, and private sector leadership are causing a shift that threatens the relevance of traditional governance structures.

No sooner had the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) issued new guidelines on ransomware prevention, than it immediately marked a significant step forward in protecting critical infrastructure.

No sooner had ... than

Hardly had ... when

Little did the cybersecurity startup realize that it would undergo a major overhaul after revealing vulnerabilities in widely used encryption protocols, prompting urgent industry-wide reforms.

didn’t realise

Little did

not.... not

The efforts led by the INTERPOL Digital Crime Centre aim to combat transnational cybercrime, which has escalated due to the proliferation of dark web marketplaces and ransomware networks.

Decentralizing systems, disrupting digital processes, and leading the private sector are causing shifts that threaten the relevance of traditional governance structures.

The decentralization of systems, digital disruption, and private sector leadership are causing a shift that threatens the relevance of traditional governance structures.

not.... not

The cybersecurity agency in Australia, which has been a leader in cyber threat intelligence, is managing complex operations to counteract increasing espionage activities by state actors.

Not only did the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) launch a new initiative last week to combat cyber espionage, but they also emphasized the importance of securing supply chains against malicious cyber actors.

Not only .... but also

Decentralizing systems, disrupting digital processes, and leading the private sector are causing shifts that threaten the relevance of traditional governance structures.

The decentralization of systems, digital disruption, and private sector leadership are causing a shift that threatens the relevance of traditional governance structures.

not.... not

Ahead of the G7 cybersecurity summit, leaders discussed cyber resilience issues, which underscored the growing importance of joint action against state-sponsored cyberattacks.