Human Body Presentation

Forced Sterilzation IN THE 20th century

by; Aubriana Jones Rampel

What is Eugenics ?

Eugenics is the belief that certain practices could improve the biology and genetics of the human race, with white, able-bodied people being considered the most “fit” representation of good genetics. Racism and xenophobia fueled the Eugenics Movement in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Eugenics emerged in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Sir Francis Galton coined the term in 1883, and this belief became very appealing to upper-class whites in the United States.

What is forced sterilization ?

Compulsory sterilization, also known as forced or coerced sterilization, is a government-mandated program to involuntarily sterilize a specific group of people. Sterilization removes a person's capacity to reproduce, and is usually done through surgical procedures. James Marion Sims, “the father of modern gynecology,” practiced many of his experimental surgeries on enslaved women without anesthetics during the nineteenth century.

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LEGALIZING FORCED STERILZATION

BUCK V. BELL ( 1927) = confirmed the constitutionality of Virginia’s statute of forced sterilization. - The Supreme Court held that the state-sanctioned sterilization of the “feeble-minded” was denied equal protection of the law guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment and that “three generations of imbeciles are enough.”

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Minnie Lee Relf & Mary Alice Relf

Fannie Lou Hamer

Hamer used her leadership to discuss the sterilization of other African American women. Hamer was born into a poor family of sharecroppers and only achieved a sixth-grade education. She was involuntarily sterilized in 1961 after she went to the hospital to have a cyst removed, an event that would affect her for the rest of her life.

The coerced sterilization of twelve-year-old Minnie Lee Relf and fourteen-year-old Mary Alice Relf was one that garnered much media attention in Montgomery, Alabama. Alabama permitted voluntary sterilization for adults and court-approved sterilization for the mentally incompetent.

Margaret Sanger

Margaret Sanger was a nurse, one of the leaders of the Birth Control Movement, publisher of the magazine The Woman Rebel, and founder of Planned Parenthood. Sanger was very outspoken about reproductive rights and education in a time when distributing this information was outlawed.

NORTH CAROLINA's AFRICAN AMERICAN STATE STERILIZED PATIENTS

North Carolina was one of the first states to enact a voluntary sterilization law in 1960 North Carolina was among one of the first states to include reproductive technology into its public health and welfare programs and had one of the most active state sterilization programs

23%

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1930s-1940s

59%

1958 - 1960

1964-1966

64%

Thank you !

https://twu.edu/media/documents/history-government/Autonomy-Revoked--The-Forced-Sterilization-of-Women-of-Color-in-20th-Century-America.pdf

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