human rights

Start

topic vocabulary

vocabulary list 1

INDEX

vocabulary list 2

topic Vocabulary

1. universality
2. indivisibility
3. interdependence
4. inalienable
5. set obligations
6. apply worldwide
7. mechanisms to address violations
8. monitor and investigate violations
9. wield power
10. constantly evolve
11. suspend
12. deterrent
13. lingering question
14. binding decision
15. punish transgressors

1. универсальность, всеобщность
2. неделимость, неразделимость
3. взаимозависимость, взаимосвязь
4. неотъемлемый
5. устанавливать обязательства
6. применяться по всему миру
7. механизмы для борьбы с нарушениями
8. выявлять и расследовать нарушения
9. обладать властью
10. постоянно развиваться
11. приостанавливать; откладывать; прекращать
12. сдерживающий фактор
13. давний вопрос/ давно назревший вопрос
14. обязательное для исполнения решение
15. наказывать преступников

1. abuse human rights
2. emerge from
3. endowed
4. enshrine human rights
5. entitled to the basic rights
6. encompass basic civil and political rights
7. equal in dignity and rights
8. entrench liberties
9. detained in prison
10. stem from
11. deprived of
12. from a contemporary perspective
13. freedom from torture and slavery
14. freedom of movement and residence
15. freedom of expression, religion, peaceful assembly

1. нарушать права человека
2. появляться из, выходить из
3. наделенный
4. закреплять права человека
5. наделены основными правами
6. охватывать основные гражданские и политические права
7. равные в своем достоинстве и правах
8. закрепить свободы
9. содержатся в тюрьме
10. вытекать из, происходить от, являться результатом
11. лишенный
12. с современной точки зрения
13. свобода от пыток и рабства
14. свобода передвижения и проживания
15. свобода слова, религии, мирных собраний

1. to curtail
2. champion
3. to flourish
4. assumption
5. misguided
6. wary of/about
7. ambiguous
8. to comply with
9. drastic
10. to compel

Vocabulary list 1

• to slow down, put restrictions on, or stop entirely
• curb, cut back, restrict, diminish

• сокращать; укорачивать, урезывать, уменьшать; ограничивать, притеснять

curtail

• to slow down, put restrictions on, or stop entirely
• curb, cut back, restrict, diminish

• сокращать; укорачивать, урезывать, уменьшать; ограничивать, притеснять

curtail

collocations

curtailment

curtail

collocations

• inflation, unemployment

• freedom, liberty, right
• spread, proliferation

• power
• debate
• use

curtailment

vocabulary.com

• someone who publicly supports or defends a set of beliefs, political aims, or a group of people
• advocate, guardian, protector, safeguard, supporter, bulwark

• защитник, поборник, борец (за)

champion

• someone who publicly supports or defends a set of beliefs, political aims, or a group of people
• advocate, guardian, protector, safeguard, supporter, bulwark

• защитник, поборник, борец (за)

champion

collocations

champion

collocations

• rights
• beliefs
• principles
• ideas
• views
• free speech
• needs
• interests
• the working class

vocabulary.com

• to grow or develop successfully
• thrive, prosper, burgeon, bloom, blossom

• процветать, преуспевать

flourish

• to grow or develop successfully
• thrive, prosper, burgeon, bloom, blossom

• процветать, преуспевать

flourish

collocations

flourishing

flourish

collocations

• business
• style
• market
• idea
• theory
• career
• kindness

flourishing

vocabulary.com

• based on bad judgement or wrong opinion or beliefs
• unwise, misled, ill-advised, ill-conceived, imprudent

• неправильный, ошибочный, введённый в заблуждение

misguided

• based on bad judgement or wrong opinion or beliefs
• unwise, misled, ill-advised, ill-conceived, imprudent

• неправильный, ошибочный, введённый в заблуждение

misguided

collocations

misguiding

misguided

collocations

• assumption, belief, notion

• impression, perception
• loyalty
• policy
• fundamentally, profoundly
• deeply
• dangerously, terribly
• tragically

misguiding

vocabulary.com

• smth that you accept as true without question or proof
• supposition, presumption, premise, hypothesis, conjecture

• предположение, допущение, исходное положение

assumption

• smth that you accept as true without question or proof
• supposition, presumption, premise, hypothesis, conjecture

• предположение, допущение, исходное положение

assumption

collocations

assume assumed assuming

assumption

collocations

• make
• challenge, question, test

• contradict, reject
• dismiss
• pivot on, underpin an
• basic, fundamental
• erroneous, false, fault
• reasonable, questionable
• implicit, unspoken

assume assumed assuming

vocabulary.com

• careful because you do not completely trust smb/smth
• alert, cautious, careful, distrustful

• осторожный, осмотрительный, недоверчивый

wary of/about

• careful because you do not completely trust smb/smth
• alert, cautious, careful, distrustful

• осторожный, осмотрительный, недоверчивый

wary of/about

collocations

unwary warily wariness

wary of/about

collocations

• the public
• authorities
• politicians
• tests
• strangers
• relationships
• advisers

unwary warily wariness

vocabulary.com

• unclear or confusing because it can be understood in more than one way
• equivocal, ambivalent, confusing, complex, contradictory, uncertain

• неопределённый, неясный, неоднозначный, двусмысленный

ambiguous

• unclear or confusing because it can be understood in more than one way
• equivocal, ambivalent, confusing, complex, contradictory, uncertain

• неопределённый, неясный, неоднозначный, двусмысленный

ambiguous

collocations

unambiguous ambiguously ambiguity ambiguousness

ambiguous

collocations

• situation
• statement
• status
• relationship
• results
• figure
• role
• evidence

unambiguous ambiguously ambiguity ambiguousness

vocabulary.com

• to obey a rule or law, or accept somebody’s authority
• obey, observe, abide by, adhere to, respect

• подчиняться, повиноваться, соответствовать, удовлетворять

comply with

• to obey a rule or law, or accept somebody’s authority
• obey, observe, abide by, adhere to, respect

• подчиняться, повиноваться, соответствовать, удовлетворять

comply with

collocations

compliance

comply with

collocations

• conditions
• demands
• guidelines
• instructions
• law
• legislation
• obligation
• requirement

compliance

vocabulary.com

• severe, sudden, or having a very strong effect
• extreme, radical, severe, forceful, harsh

• решительный, крутой, радикальный, коренной

drastic

• severe, sudden, or having a very strong effect
• extreme, radical, severe, forceful, harsh

• решительный, крутой, радикальный, коренной

drastic

collocations

drastically

drastic

collocations

• measures
• impact
• effect
• change
• consequences
• reduction
• drop
• increase
• move

drastically

vocabulary.com

• to force somebody to do something
• force, coerce, drive, oblige, urge

• заставлять, вынуждать, добиваться

compel

• to force somebody to do something
• force, coerce, drive, oblige, urge

• заставлять, вынуждать, добиваться

compel

collocations

compelling   compelled

compel

collocations

• arbitration
• payment
• attendance
• attention
• to work
• to study
• to dismiss
• to stay
• to answer

compelling   compelled

vocabulary.com

1. adversely
2. apparent
3. perceived
4. creeping
5. bid
6. infamous
7. to expose
8. complicity (in/with)
9. defiantly
10. substitute (for)

Vocabulary list 2

• in a way that has a negative or harmful effect
• dangerously, harmfully, ruinously, periously

• негативно, неблагоприятно, отрицательно

adversely

• in a way that has a negative or harmful effect
• dangerously, harmfully, ruinously, periously

• негативно, неблагоприятно, отрицательно

adverse

collocations

adverseLY adversary adversity

adverse

collocations

• effect
• impact
• consequences
• conditions
• outcome
• publicity
• reaction

adverseLY adversary adversity

vocabulary.com

• easy to see or understand
• obvious, evident, clear, visible, recognizable

• очевидный, несомненный, бесспорный

apparent

• easy to see or understand
• obvious, evident, clear, visible, recognizable

• очевидный, несомненный, бесспорный

apparent

collocations

apparently

apparent

collocations

• conflict
• difference
• disparity, discrepancy
• inconsistency
• clearly
• immediately, instantly
• painfully
• particularly, increasingly

apparently

vocabulary.com

• thought to be real
• deemed, regarded, seen (as)

• воспринимаемый, ощущаемый, предполагаемый

perceived

• thought to be real
• deemed, regarded, seen (as)

• воспринимаемый, ощущаемый, предполагаемый

perceived

collocations

perceive perceivable unperceived

perceived

collocations

• bias
• danger
• failure
• injustice
• need, necessity
• risk, threat
• weakness

perceive perceivable unperceived

vocabulary.com

• (of smth bad) happening slowly and stealthily, without being noticed
• sneaking, slithering, crawling

• ползучий, медленно надвигающийся

creeping

• (of smth bad) happening slowly and stealthily, without being noticed
• sneaking, slithering, crawling

• ползучий, медленно надвигающийся

creeping

collocations

creep creepy creeps creeper

creeping

collocations

• inflation
• privatization
• dread
• guilt
• urbanization
• sense of
• resentment
• coup
• socialism

creep creepy creeps creeper

vocabulary.com

• an attempt to do something /journalism/
• attempt, effort, endeavor

• попытка

bid

• an attempt to do something /journalism/
• attempt, effort, endeavor

• попытка

bid

collocations

bidding underbid overbid bidder

bid

collocations

• an attempted
• successful, ambitious

• failed, hostile

• to launch
• make
• support,
• back, reject
• fail in

bidding underbid overbid bidder

vocabulary.com

• having a reputation of the worst kind, known for smth bad
• notorious, ill-famed, disreputable, outrageous, detestable, shocking

• позорный, постыдный, бесславный

infamous

• having a reputation of the worst kind, known for smth bad
• notorious, ill-famed, disreputable, outrageous, detestable, shocking

• позорный, постыдный, бесславный

infamous

collocations

infamy infamize

infamous

collocations

• crime
• scene
• atrocity
• massacre
• butchery
• scandal
• murder
• gulag
• war criminal

infamy infamize

vocabulary.com

• to deliberately make something publicly known because you believe that it is wrong or illegal
• to reveal, uncover, disclose

• разоблачать

expose

• to deliberately make something publicly known because you believe that it is wrong or illegal
• to reveal, uncover, disclose

• разоблачать

expose

collocations

exposure overexpose exposed exposer

expose

collocations

• deception
• fraud
• corruption
• wrongdoing
• malice
• ignorance

exposure overexpose exposed exposer

vocabulary.com

• involvement with other people in an illegal activity or plan
• involvement, engagement

• соучастие

complicity (in/with)

• involvement with other people in an illegal activity or plan
• involvement, engagement

• соучастие

complicity (in/with)

collocations

complicit accomplice

complicity (in/with)

collocations

• a crime
• murder
• act
• terrorism
• process
• escape

complicit accomplice

vocabulary.com

• in a manner that shows open resistance and bold disobedience
• obstinately, rebelliously, insolently, daringly

• вызывающе, демонстративно

defiantly

• in a manner that shows open resistance and bold disobedience
• obstinately, rebelliously, insolently, daringly

• вызывающе, демонстративно

defiant

collocations

defiantly defiance

defiant

collocations

• act
• attitude
• behaviour
• gesture
• refusal
• reply
• spirit
• stance
• statement

defiantly defiance

vocabulary.com

• smb/smth that takes the place of another person or thing
• replacement, deputy, proxy, surrogate, alternative

• замена, заменитель, заместитель

substitute (for)

• smb/smth that takes the place of another person or thing
• replacement, deputy, proxy, surrogate, alternative

• замена, заменитель, заместитель

substitute (for)

collocations

• an effective
• excellent
• acceptable
• adequate
• reasonable
• poor
• imperfect
• cheap

substitution substitutive

vocabulary.com

~ events ~ interactions ~ incidents ~ side effects The government will also require public authorities to include "an explicit Internal Market Assessment" as part of their usual regulatory checks to identify any adverse impact on the UK's internal market.

~ worldwide ~ online the community ~ With the Egyptian economy heavily dependent on imports, the prices of basic commodities have skyrocketed beyond the reach of many households and a black market for foreign currency has flourished.

~ final/ initial ~ unanimously dismiss the bid re-election bid disrupt the bid for re-election The government in Berlin has already imposed controls on some of its borders in a bid to tackle gangs smuggling migrants across Europe.

working ~ based on ~ bogus ~ pre-existing ~ Rishi Sunak has said his "working assumption" is the general election will take place in the second half of this year.

defiantly declare a defiant tone in defiant form a defiant speech The US and UK, backed by allies, launched the first air strikes against the Houthis last week to try to deter them - but the group has remained defiant.

~ term ~ status quo ~ language ~ reaction The state has interpreted ambiguous laws in the most punitive way for the cases of these activists - in what looks like a targeted campaign against environmentalists.

~ inmates ~ postwar terrorist group ~ cyber-crime gang ~ offshore detention centers The sea route to Mecca was under the control of the Portuguese, who were infamous for burning and plundering Muslim ships.

~ research ~ hope ~ attempt The program is one of several “misguided policies” from the law, the House Natural Resources Committee said, which crafted the spending cuts.

felt compelled to appear in public ~ to give evidence ~ to change the mind The formal investigation means that the regulator can use its legal powers to compel companies to hand over information.

~ human rights abuses ~ an unexpected weakness ~ a decades-long reign of terror exposed to severe climatic events exposed to expressions of hate, discrimination and racial profiling The deputy PM says the UK and international partners will expose China for "ongoing patterns of hostile activity".

~ act ~ conflict ~ injustice ~ political overtones ~ liabilities ~ defence and security weaknesses A parliament spokesperson said: "This decision will help minimise the risk of perceived bias."

complicity in aiding customers to evade taxes ~ in the riots ~ in the antisemitic posture ~ in laundering genocide The institute was placed on a trade blacklist in 2020, accused of complicity in abuses against ethnic minorities in China like the Uyghurs.

~ advantage ~ shift ~ intolerance ~ reluctance ~ cracks in the system Plenty of economic risks remain that could derail the apparent progress.

~ pace the figures creeping in the upward direction ~ strategy despondency creeping in Food prices have increased substantially and we have all seen our weekly shopping bill creeping up.

~ quality-control requirements ~ legal responsibilities ~ with the judge’s orders The treaty says that a new independent monitoring committee will ensure Rwanda complies with its obligations, and that British judges will be included in a new appeals process.

She is a dedicated leader who always champions the best in journalism. California has long championed renewable energy, but a change in the state’s policies last year has led to a sharp decline in the installation of residential rooftop solar in the state.

~ of the threat ~ of any definitive claim ~ of the fact ~ of any reduction The opposition remains very cautious on policy details, wary of doing anything risky to endanger the precious poll lead in the months before the election.

~ event ~ transition ~ option The Chicago Department of the Environment says the drastic fluctuations in temperature are an example of the unseasonable and unpredictable weather that climate change will continue to bring.

~ the power of administrative agencies ~ spending ~ a longstanding policy of heavily ~ The food supply is threatened, and access to water and health care has been severely curtailed.

~ for a long-term plan ~ for deep local knowledge ~ for human contact ~ for diplomacy US Secretary of State Anthony Blinken has said the Cyprus-Gaza corridor cannot be a substitute for getting more aid in by land - the "most critical way to get assistance in".