Pharmacology Drug Project

Pharmacology Drug Project

Tansley Dillard

ADVAIR DISKUS

ativan

Abilify

AMBIEN

bentyl

accupril

adderall

cardizem

Amoxil

adrenalin

catapres

aricept

CRESTOR

DETROL

cELEBREX

CYMBALTA

DIFLUCAN

CIPRO

COUMADIN

DILANTIN

DEPO-MEDROL

COZAAR

FLAGYL

DEPO-PROVERA

HUMULIN N

lamisil

FLEXERIL

IMITREX

lanoxin

FLONASE

FOSAMAX

lasix

infed

GLUCOTROL XL

lipitor

keflex

mexate

phenergan

loestrin fe

nitro-bid

plavix

lomotil

lyrica

premarin

norvasc

macrobid

prevacid

percocet

singulair

valium

prinivil

synthroid

valtrex

prozac

requip

viagra

tessalon

rocephin

vicodin

toprol xl

zithromax

zyban

xanax

Example slide

zyrtec

zyloprim

Conjugated Estrogens

Hormone Replacement Therapy

Estrogens, miscellaneous vaginal agents

• Do not use if you are preganant
• Can increase risk of blood clots, strokes, & cancer of breast, uterus, or ovaries
• Tell your doctor is you have heart disease, jaundice, asthma, or epilepsy

Phenytoin

Used to control seizures (anti-epileptic)

Group I antiarrhythmics, Hydantoin anticonvulsants

• If pregnant do not start or stop taking the medicine without talking to your doctor first
• Talk to your DR before taking if you are Asian descent, vitamin D deficency, diabetes, depressed
• Common side effects: confusion, slurred speech, abnormal eye movement, or problems with coordination

Lansoprazole

Used to treat ulcers, GERD, & high levels of stomach acid

PPI: Proton pump inhibitor

• Side effects: diarrhea, stomach pain, dizziness, arrheythmia
• Do not take with products containing rilpivirine
• May cause serious allergic reaction when used in patients with conditions treated with certain antibiotics

Glipizide

When used with diet & exercise to improverblood sugar control in type 2 diabetics

Sulfonylureas

• Side effects: irritability, sweating, hunger, shaky, gas, tremors, rash, dizziness, diarrhea
• Do not take if you have diabetic ketoacidosis
• Tell your Dr if you have ever had G6PD, blockage in your intestines, liver or kidney disease, or if you are pregnant

Cephanlexin

Antibiotic that is used to treat bacteria infections

First generation cephalosporins

• Can be used to treat upper respiratory, ear, skin, or bone infections in anyone 1 year old or older.
• Side effects: unusal tirednee, jandice, unusual bleeding, pale skin, painful urination
• Tell you Dr if about all your medications especially metformin or probenecid

Clonidine

Used to treat hypertension

Antiadrenergic agents

• Also available as a transdermal patch
• Kapvay brand used to treat ADHD
• Duraclon brand is IV form used to treat severe pain in cancer patients
• Do not take if under 18 yrs old, pregnant, or if you have phyeochromocytoma

Levothyroxine

Treats hypothyroidism

Thyroid hormone

• Should not be taken with therapeutic agents for treatment of obesity or weight loss
• Larger doses may produce serious or life threatening manifestations of toxicity
• Less common side effects: chest pain, decreased urine output, dilated neck veins, & extreme fatigue

Clopidogrel

Used to lower risk of blood clots & strokes

Platelet aggregation inhibitors

• Increases risk of bleeding which can be life threatening
• Serious side effects: nose bleeds, jaundice, & little to no urination
• Must stop 3 days prior to procedures

Cephalosporin

It works by fighting bacteria in your body

Antibiotic

• Used to treat many kinds of bacterial infections, including severe or life threatening forms such as E. coli, pneumonia, or meningitis
• Can be administered intravenously or intramuscularly
• Common side effects: black, tarry stools, chest pain, chills, cough, or fever

Tolterodine

Treats symptoms of overactive bladder in adults

Urinary antispasmodics

• Tell your Dr if you have long QT syndrome, glaucoma, trouble emptying your bladder, constipation, stomach or intestinal disorders or if you take cyclosporine or vinblastine
• Side effects:confusion, hallcinations, painful urination, dry mouth, dizziness, or headache
• Detrol can cause serious heart problems

Amoxicillin

A penicillin antibiotic that fights bacteria infections

Aminopenicillins

• Can make birth control less effective
• Tell doctor if you have kidney disease, mononucleosis, diarrhea caused by taking antibiotics
• Allergic reaction: hives, difficulty breathing, sore throat, burning eyes, skin rash with blistering & peeling

Epinephrine Injection

Epinephrine may be used to treat severe allergic reactions or exercise-induced anaphylaxis or low blood pressure that is caused by spetic shock.

Adrenergic bronchodilators, Catecholamines, Vasopressors

• Seek emergency medical attention after any use of eponephrine.
• Call your doctor if you notice any signs of infection at the site of the injection.
• Side effects are more common in older adults. Common side effects include but are m=not limited to breathing problems, pale skin, dizziness, tremors, fast, irregular or pounding heartbeat

Bupropion

Used to help people stop smoking by reducing cravings & other withdrawal effects

Smoking cessation agent

• If you take Wellbutrin for depression, do not take Zyban to quit smoking
• Do not take if you have a seizure disorder, eating disorder or if you have suddenly stopped using alcohol, sedatives or seizure meds
• Common side effects: ringing in the ears, tremors, weight loss, rash, joint pain, increased urination

Methylprednisolone

Steroid used to treat inflammatory conditions

Glucocorticoids

• Serious side effects: SOB, blurred vision, severe depreesion, seziure, low, potassium, pain, or bloody stool
• Common side effects: weight gain, slow wound healing, increased sweating, changes in periods
• Do not take if you have a fungal infection

Fluoxetine

Antidepressant

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

• Used to treat major depressive disorder, OCD, panic disorder, & PMDD
• Could impair judgment, thinking, or motor skills
• Severe side effects: Fever, sore throat, burning eyes, skin rash or pain

Zolpidem

Ambien is a sedative used to treat insomnia

Sedative & Hypnotic

• May cause severe allergic reaction: heavy breathing, swelling of face or throat, & hives
• Max dose 10mg daily
• Common side effects: drowsiness, nausea, diarrhea, headaches, & loss of cordination

Sildenafil

Relaxes muscles found in the walls of blood vessels & increases blood flow to particular areas of the body

Impotence agents

• Also can be used to treat erectile dysfunction or to increase pulmonary arterial hypertension & improve exercise capacity

• Stop taking Viagra & get emergency medical help if you have heart attack symptoms, vision changes, erection that is painful or last longer than 4 hours

Sumatriptan

Headache medicine that narrows blood vessels around the brain

Antimigraine agents

• Available as oral tablets, nasal spray, or as an injection
• Will only treat the headache. Imitrex does not prevent or reduce the number of attacks
• Stop taking if: blood circulation probles in your legs or feet, heart attack symptoms, signs of stroke, seizures, chest pain, SOB or bloody diarrhea

Losartan

Used to treat hypertension in adults & children over 6 years old

Angiotensin receptor blockers

• May not decrease risk of stroke in African Americans
• Do not use if you have diabetes, pregnant, or kidney disease
• Side effects: Dizziness, hypotension, back pain, diarrhea, or cold symptoms

Insulin Isophane

Humulin N is a man-made form of insulin that lowers blood sugar, that is intermediate-acting

insulin

• Starts working within 2 to 4 hours after injections, peaks 4 to 12 hours, & keeps working for 12 to 18 hours
• Do not use if you are having an episode of hypoglycemia
• Side effects: fluid retention, low potassium, weight gain, low blood sugar, & rash/ itching

Dicyclomine

Used to treat fuctional bowel or irritable bowel syndrome

Anticholinergics/antispasmodics

• Tell your doctor if you have ulcerative colitis, GERD, breast feeding, or a serious heart condition
• Not approved for younger than 18 yrs old, should never be given to a child less than 6 mo old
• Side effects: drowsiness, dizziness, blurred vision, or dry mouth

Diazepam

Enhancing the activity of certain neurotransmitters in the brain

Benzodiazepine anticonvulsants/ Benzodiazepines

• Can also treat anxiety, alcohol withdrawal symptoms, or with other meds to treat muscle spasms or seizures

• Do not use if you have sleep apnea, glaucoma, severe liver disease or myasthenia gravis
• Common side effects may include drowsiness, tired feelings, muscle weakness or muscle movement problems

Alprazolam

Enhancing the activity of certain neurotransmitter in the brain

Benzodiazepines

• Used to treat anxiety disorders, & panic disorders,
• Get medical help right away if you stop using Xanax & have symptoms such as unusual muscle movements, more active or talkative, sudden mood changes, confusion, hallucination, seizures or thoughts of suicide

Metronidazole

Treats bacterial infections

Amebicides, Miscellaneous antibiotics

• Also used to treat trichomoniasis (STD), both partners need to be treated at the same time even if one does not show symptoms
• Do not drink alcohol or consume food/medicines that contain propylene glycol while taking Flagyl or 3 days after you stop taking it
• Side effects: trouble sleeping, N/V/D, rash, metallic taste, vaginal itching or discharge, mouth sores

Nitrofurantoin

Antibiotic that fight bacteria in the body

Urinary anti-infectives

• Do not take in the last 2-4 weeks of pregnancy
• Side effects: diarrhea, chest pain, trouble breathing, & liver problems
• Tell your doctor if you have kidney disease, anemia, or vitamin D deficiency

Montelukast

Can treat allergies & prevent asthma attacks

Anti-inflammatory

• Leukotriene inhibitor, leukotrienes are chemicals your body releases when you breathe in an allergen such as pollen
• Common side effects: body aches, cough, difficulty in breathing, fever, headache, or stomach pain

Ropinirole

Used to treat symptoms of Parkinson's Dz

Dopaminergic Agent

• Can also be used for treatment of RLS
• There are 304 drugs known to interact with Requip
• Some people may also experience impairment in thinking, judgement, & motor coordination

Furosemide

Diuretic that helps you pass fluid through urine

Loop diuretics

• Used to treat edema in ppl with CHF, liver & kidney disease. Prevents your body from absobing too much salt. Also treats hyptertension
• High doses of Furosemide may cause irreversible hearing loss
• Side Effects: increased thrist, high blood sugar, muscle spasms, ringing in your ears, pale skin, signs of liver or pancreas problems

Medroxyprogesterone

SQ injection birthcontrol

Contraceptives, Hormones/Antieoplastics, Progestins

• Depo-Provera does not protect againist HIV, AIDS or any other STDs
• Do not take if you have breast cancer, pregnat, blood clot or undiagnosed vaginal bleeding
• Side effects: osteoprosis, mentrual period changes, stomach pain, depression, infection at injection site, liver problems, or blood clots

Allopurinol Tablets

Used to lower & control uric acid in the blood

Antigout agents, Antihyperuricemic agent

• Side effects: pain with urination, eye irritation, change in eyesight, new or worse joint pain, low blood cell count, liver problems, SOB & chest pain

• Severe & sometimes deadly reaction has happened so be aware and talk to your doctor if you have any questions

Warfarin

Anticoagulant (blood thinner)

Coumarins & Indandiones

• Increases risk of severe or fatal bleeding
• Do not take if you can not take on time everyday
• Avoid drinking alcohol, grapefruit, cranberry, or noni juice
• Side effects: sudden headache, blood in urine, heavy periods, bloody stools, or coffee ground vomit

Duloxetine

Used to treat depression, & anxiety in adults & children 7 years or older

Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors

• Cymbalta can also treat nerve pain or fibromyalgia
• Tell your doctor if you have seizures, bleeding problems, glaucoma, bipolar disorder, drug addication or suicidal thoughts
• Side effects: depression, anxiety, panic attacks, trouble sleeping. aggression, allergic or skin reactions

Iron dextran

Treats iron deficiencies & anemia

Iron products

• Call you Dr or seek medical help right away if you feel light-headed or suddenly have trouble breathing
• Severe side effects: chest pain, blue-colored lips or fingernails, red or pink urine, seizure, swelling or itching where the medicine was injected
• Do not take if you have a type of anemia that is not caused by iron deficiency

Valacyclovir

Antiviral drug that slows the growth & spread of the herpes virus

Purine nucleosides

• Can also treat chickenpox in children who are at least 2 years old
• Call your doctor if you have aggression, hallucinations, seizure, kidney problems, speech problems
• Serious side effects: unusual bleeding, red/pink urine, weak feeling, stomach pain

Generic Name

Indication & Why someone would take the medication

Drug Class

• This section of bullet points will contain...
• Patient Teachings
• Warnings

• Side Effects

Terbinafine

Antifungal medication

miscellaneous antifungals

• Tablets are used to treat fungal infections in toe/fingernails. Oral granules are used to treat fungal infections of scalp hair follicles in children who are atleast 4 years old or older
• Call your Dr if you have symptoms of liver damage
• Serious side effects: change in smell or taste, rapid weight gain, blood in urine or stool, weight loss due to taste change, skin sores, rash

Amphetamine and Dextroamphetamine

Adderall is used to treat ADHD and narcolepsy

CNS stimulant

• Talk to you doctor before taking if you have heart problems, high blood pressures, addiction, overactive thyroid, glaucoma or breast feeding etc.
• Adderrall can be passed into breast milk and may harm a nursing baby.

• Seek medical attention if you have symptoms of serotonin syndrome, stomach pain, loss of appetite, weight loss or mood changes

Pregabalin

Used to prevent seizures

Gamma-aminobutyric acid analogs

• Can also treat herpes zoster
• Common side effects: dizziness, trouble concentrating, & blurred vision
• Tell your doctor about other medications especially ace inhibitors, seizure medications, & diabetic medications

Ethinyl Estradiol & Norethindrone Acetate

Birth control

Contraceptive

• Increases risk of heart problems in smokers
• Serrious side effects: hypertention, rare cancerous liver tumors, & gallbladder problems
• Does not prevent STD's

Fluconazole

Treats or prevents fungal infections

Azole anitfungals

• Diflucan can also treat certain types of meningitis in ppl with HIV or AIDS
• Many drugs interact and cause dangerous effects talk to your doctor about all medicine, OTC & vitiams
• Side effects: N/V/D, headache, liver problems, rash, seiures, decreased adrenal gland hormones

Metoprolol

Used to treat hypertension, angina, & heart failure

Beta Blocker

• May lower the risk of death after heart attack
• This drug works by blocking the action of certain natural chemicals in the body that affect the heart & blood vessels
• Side effects: rash, dizziness, numbness, tiredness

Amlodipine

Used to treat angina

Calcium channel blocking agents

• Drinking alcohol may further lower B/P & increase side effects
• Side effects: irregular heartbeat, stomach pain, & uncontrolled muscle movements

Atropine & Diphenoxylate

Reduces spasms in bladder, stomach, & intestines

Antidiarrheal

• Serrious side effects: severe constipation, fever, & hallucinations
• Do not use if jaundiced
• Tell your doctor if you have down syndrome, bowel blockage, or ulcerative colitis

Digoxin

Lanoxin is used to treat heart failure

Group V antiarrhythmics, Inotropic agents

• Can be used to treat A-Fib but do not take if you have V-Fib
• Serious side effects: bloody or black stool, breast swellling, yellowd vision, confusion, weakness, uneven heartbeat
• Stomach pain, weight loss, growth delay, behavior changes may occur in babies or children

Rosuvastatin

Used to lower cholesterol & triglycerides

Statins

• Avoid eating foods high in fat or cholesterol
• Tell your doctor if pregnant, have liver or thyroid problems, or Asian descent
• Side effect: headache, muscle pain, memory problems, or nausea

Promethizine

Used to treat nausea

Antihistamine, Phenotiazine antiemetics

• Phenergan brand discontinued in the United States
• Can treat allergy symptoms, motion sickness, & can be used as sedative/sleep aid
• Side effects: insomnia, double vision, & dry mouth

Oxycodone

Used to treat moderate to severe pain

Controlled substance

• High risk for addiction & dependence
• Can cause respiratory distress & death when taken in high doses
• Do not take with alcohol

Cyclobenzaprine

Muscle relaxant that blocks nerve impulses and pain sensations that are sent to the brain

Skeletal muscle relaxants

• Flexeril brand name has been discontinued in the US, but there may be generic equivalents available
• Serious side effects are more common in older adults (ei: irregular heaertbeat, chest pain weakness)
• Seek medical attention if you show signs of serotonin syndrome

Celecoxib

Used to treat pain or inflammation by reducing certain hormones

Cox 2 inhibitors/NSAIDS

• May cause stomach & intestinal bleeding which can be fatal
• Can increase risk of stroke or heart attack
• Serious side effects: rash, heart/liver/kideney problems, anemia, & signs of stomach bleeding

Azithromycin

An antibiotic that fights bacteria

Macrolides

• Do not take if you have ever had jaundice or liver problems caused by taking azithromycin.
• Common side effects: diarrhea, nausea, stomach pain, headache, vomiting
• Tell your doctor about medicines you are taking especially nelfinavir, or any blood thinners

Ciprofloxacin

Antibiotic that fights bacteria, used to treat people exposed to anthrax

Quinolones & Fluoroquinolones

• In rare cases may cause damage to aorta, which could lead to dangerous bleeding or death
• Side effects: N/V/D, headache, abnormal liver function tests
• Tell your doctor if you have hyperglycemia, nerve damage symptoms, mood changes, or tendon rupture

Benzonatate

Used to treat coughs

Antitussive

• Used to reduce cough caused by common cold or bronchitis
• Common side effects: drowsiness, headache, dizziness, constipation
• Usual dose is one 100mg capsule 3 times/daily prn cough

Acetaminophen and hydrocodone

Used for the relief of moderate to moderately severe pain

Narcotic analgesic combinations

• Hydrocodone can slow or stop your breathing
• Do not use Vicodin if you have had severe asthma, breathing problems, blockage in your stomach or intestines
• Serious side effects: liver problems, low cortisol levels, or high levels of serotonin in the body

Quinapril

Accupril is used in adults by itself or with other medication to treat hypertension and lower blood pressure

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

• Do not take Accupril if you are pregnant, ever had angioedema, or within 36 hours before or after taking medicine containing sacbitril
• Serious side effects may include: chest pain, light-headness, & kidney, heart, or liver problems.

• Most common side effects may include headache, nausea, stomcah pain, cough or dizziness

Lisinopril

Treats hyptertension in aduts & children 6 years and older.

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

• Also can be used to help treat CHF and improve the survival after a heart attack
• Stop using Prinivil & tell your doctor if you become pregnant
• Serous side effects: low white blood cell count kidney or liver problems, & high blood potassium

Diltiazem

Used to treat hypertension & chronic chest pain due to coronary artery spasm

Calcium channel blocker/group IV antiarrhythmics

• Serious side effects: heart & liver problems, rapid weight gain, chest pain, & light headed feeling
• Do not take if you have heart conditions, or if receiving IV beta blocker
• Drug interactions: OTC medications, vitamins, & herbal products

Fluticasone and salmeterol

Advair Diskus is an inhalation is a steroid and bronchodilator combination medicine that is used to prevent asthma attacks anf help treat COPD

Bronchodilator combinations

• This is not a rescue medicine and it will not work fast enough to treat asthma or bronchospasm attack.

• Serious side effects for example blurred vision, tremors, signs of thrush, high blood sugar, chest pain, hormonal disorder, fever, short of breathe
• Do not if severely allergy to milk proteins

Donepezil

Used to treat dementia caused by Alzheimer's disease

Cholinesterase inhibitors

• Tell doctor if you have a heart rhythm disorder, enlarged prostate, or epilepsy
• Common side effects: insomnia, muscle cramps, loss of appetite, or N/V/D
• Not a cure for Alzheimer's disease, but may improve symptoms

Lorazepam

Used to treat insomnia caused by anxiety, N/V for cancer treatments

Benzodiazepine anticonvulsants

• Can slow or stop breathing if used with opiods, alcohol, or other drugs. These effects can be fatal.
• Serious side effects: seizures, jaundice, hallucinations
• Do not take if you have COPD, glaucoma, psychosis, or allergic to aspirin

Methotrexate

Used to treat inflammatory arthrits, psoriasis & other inflammatory conditions

Chemotherapy drug

• Decreases inflammation in the body
• Slows down cancer cell growth to treat cancer
• Side effects: GI problems, nausea, & vomiting

Fluticasone nasal

Used to treat nasal congestion and allergies.

Nasal steroids

• Common side affects: minor nosebleed, white patches in or around your nose, sinus pain, headache.
• Throw the spray bottle away after you have used 120 sprays, even if there is still medicine in the bottle.

Alendronate

treat or prevent osteoporosis, slow bone loss

Bisphosphonates

• tell your doctor if you have chest pain, heart burn, or pain with swallowing
• do not take if you have hypocalcemia, kidney disease, malabsorption, or dental problems.
• Side effects: chest pain, difficulty swallowing, coughing up blood,jaw pain, joint bone or muscle pain.

Aripiprazole

Abilify is an antipsychotic that can also be used to help with schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, Tourettes disorder and symptoms related to autistic disorder

Atypical Antipsychotic

• Not approved for older adults with dementia related psychosis
• New or sudden changes in mood/ behavior, new or worse depression, panic attacks, impuse, aggression, suicidal thoughts

• severe agitation, restlessness, twitching or uncontrollable movements, swelling of faceand throat, seizure

Atorvastatin

Used to lower cholesterol & triglycerides

Statins

• Can cause break down of muscle tissue which can lead to kidney failure
• Do not take if you have liver disease
• Side effects: muscle weakness, insomnia, painful urination

Nitroglycerin

Used to prevent angina

Antianginal agents, Vasodilators

• Common side effects: tingly feeling, headache, & dizziness
• Do not use with medications for hypertention or erctile dsyfunction

Cetirizine

Used in adult & children to treat cold or allergy symptoms

Antihistamines

• can also used to treat itching & swelling caused by chronic urticaria
• Common side effects: N/V/D, upset stomach, nosebleeds, dry mouth, headache, cough, drowsiness, sweating, numbness. altered sense of taste
• Do not take if you are allergic to this medicine or similar medicines such as levocetirizine or hydroxyzine