English pronunciation guide for Turkish Speakers

English Sounds Guide for Turkish Speakers

English Vowels Only

Turkish Vowels Only

Turkish vowels vs. English vowels

Turkish vowel with English vowels

Credits - ipachart.com / internationalphoneticalphabet.org

Consonants (Pulmonic) - English/Turkish

Both languages

English Only

Turkish Only

Velar

Palatar

Postalveolar

Dental

Bilabial

Alveolar

Retroflex

Labiodental

Glottal

Uvular

Pharyngeal

Plosive

Nasal

Trill

Tap or Flap

Fricative

(x)

Lateral Fricative

Approximant

ɹ*

Lateral Approximant

Consonants (Non-Pulmonic)

Others

Affricates

t͡s Voiceless alveolar affricate

Clicks

Voiced Implosive

Others

t͡ʃ Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate

ʘ Bilabial

ɓ Bilabial

ʍ Voiceless labial-velar fricative

ʡ Epiglottal plosive

t͡ɕ Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate

w Voiced labial-velar approximant

ɕ Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative

ʈ͡ʂ Voiceless retroflex affricate

ǀ Dental

ɗ Dental/alveolar

d͡z Voiced alveolar affricate

ɥ Voiced labial-palatal approximant

ʑ Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative

ǃ (Post)alveoalar

ʄ Palatal

d͡ʒ Voiced post-alveolar affricate

ʜ Voiceless epiglottal fricative

ɺ Alveolar lateral flap

ǂ Palatoalveolar

ɠ Velar

d͡ʑ Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate

ʢ Voiced epiglottal fricative

ɧ Simultaneous ʃ and x

ǁ Alveolar lateral

ʛ Uvular

ɖ͡ʐ Voiceless retroflex affricate

Consonants (Pulmonic)

Velar

Palatar

Postalveolar

Dental

Bilabial

Alveolar

Retroflex

Labiodental

Glottal

Uvular

Pharyngeal

Plosive

Nasal

Trill

Tap or Flap

Fricative

Lateral Fricative

Approximant

Lateral Approximant

Consonants (Non-Pulmonic)

Others

Affricates

t͡s Voiceless alveolar affricate

Clicks

Voiced Implosive

Others

t͡ʃ Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate

ʘ Bilabial

ɓ Bilabial

ʍ Voiceless labial-velar fricative

ʡ Epiglottal plosive

t͡ɕ Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate

w Voiced labial-velar approximant

ɕ Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative

ʈ͡ʂ Voiceless retroflex affricate

ǀ Dental

ɗ Dental/alveolar

d͡z Voiced alveolar affricate

ɥ Voiced labial-palatal approximant

ʑ Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative

ǃ (Post)alveoalar

ʄ Palatal

d͡ʒ Voiced post-alveolar affricate

ʜ Voiceless epiglottal fricative

ɺ Alveolar lateral flap

ǂ Palatoalveolar

ɠ Velar

d͡ʑ Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate

ʢ Voiced epiglottal fricative

ɧ Simultaneous ʃ and x

ǁ Alveolar lateral

ʛ Uvular

ɖ͡ʐ Voiceless retroflex affricate

Consonants (Pulmonic) - English

Velar

Palatar

Postalveolar

Dental

Bilabial

Alveolar

Retroflex

Labiodental

Glottal

Uvular

Pharyngeal

Plosive

Nasal

Trill

Tap or Flap

Fricative

(x)

Lateral Fricative

Approximant

Lateral Approximant

Consonants (Non-Pulmonic)

Others

Affricates

t͡s Voiceless alveolar affricate

Clicks

Voiced Implosive

Others

t͡ʃ Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate

ʘ Bilabial

ɓ Bilabial

ʍ Voiceless labial-velar fricative

ʡ Epiglottal plosive

t͡ɕ Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate

w Voiced labial-velar approximant

ɕ Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative

ʈ͡ʂ Voiceless retroflex affricate

ǀ Dental

ɗ Dental/alveolar

d͡z Voiced alveolar affricate

ɥ Voiced labial-palatal approximant

ʑ Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative

ǃ (Post)alveoalar

ʄ Palatal

d͡ʒ Voiced post-alveolar affricate

ʜ Voiceless epiglottal fricative

ɺ Alveolar lateral flap

ǂ Palatoalveolar

ɠ Velar

d͡ʑ Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate

ʢ Voiced epiglottal fricative

ɧ Simultaneous ʃ and x

ǁ Alveolar lateral

ʛ Uvular

ɖ͡ʐ Voiceless retroflex affricate

Consonants (Pulmonic) - Turkish

Velar

Palatar

Postalveolar

Dental

Bilabial

Alveolar

Retroflex

Labiodental

Glottal

Uvular

Pharyngeal

Plosive

Nasal

Trill

Tap or Flap

Fricative

Lateral Fricative

Approximant

(ɫ)

Lateral Approximant

Consonants (Non-Pulmonic)

Others

Affricates

t͡s Voiceless alveolar affricate

Clicks

Voiced Implosive

Others

t͡ʃ Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate

ʘ Bilabial

ɓ Bilabial

ʍ Voiceless labial-velar fricative

ʡ Epiglottal plosive

t͡ɕ Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate

w Voiced labial-velar approximant

ɕ Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative

ʈ͡ʂ Voiceless retroflex affricate

ǀ Dental

ɗ Dental/alveolar

d͡z Voiced alveolar affricate

ɥ Voiced labial-palatal approximant

ʑ Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative

ǃ (Post)alveoalar

ʄ Palatal

d͡ʒ Voiced post-alveolar affricate

ʜ Voiceless epiglottal fricative

ɺ Alveolar lateral flap

ǂ Palatoalveolar

ɠ Velar

d͡ʑ Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate

ʢ Voiced epiglottal fricative

ɧ Simultaneous ʃ and x

ǁ Alveolar lateral

ʛ Uvular

ɖ͡ʐ Voiceless retroflex affricate

'th' sounds in English

There are 2 'th' sounds in English

Some exercises Compare z with ð and s with θ Say 'zen', 'then', 'zen', 'then', 'zen', 'then', 'zen', 'then', Say 'sink', 'think, 'sink', 'think, 'sink', 'think, 'sink', 'think, Practice ð and θ with the sounds in different parts of the word ð - that, their, this, those, them, these, they, thy, without, brother, weather, other, breathe, clothe θ - thank, thigh, theft, thick, thin, thorn, panther, third, theme, methane, thousand, Thursday, thought, birthday, nothing, cloth, path, month, earth Try some tongue twisters Thick thieves think they'll thank. They stole a theme, thought it was nothing. Those panthers in the weather, without their brother's help, couldn't breathe or clothe themselves. That third Thursday, they thought their birthday theme was nothing without a thick cloth.

One where voice is used (ð) and one where it isn't (θ). This is very similar to 'z' and 's' sounds which you may have in your own language. When you create 'z' and 's' sounds note where your tongue goes to create the sound. Compare when you say 'za' and 'sa'. Also you can create the 'z' or the 's' sound for as long as you like using the air from your breath. Try 'zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz' or 'sssssssssssssssssss'. To create the 'th' sounds in English the difference from 'z' and 's' is the tongue position. Instead of it touching behind your teeth with 'z' and 's', it touches your front teeth with pushing against the upper front two teeth.

See how people pronounce 'that' (voiced 'th' ð sound)

See how people pronounce 'think' (voiceless 'th' θ sound)

***http://cubedictionary.org/ remove s from https

'r' sound in English

It's a little different to many languages

Some exercises Some help to create the tongue position Put as much of the tongue against the roof of the mouth and fill the space. Then pull it back until there is a space between the tip of the tongue and roof of the mouth due to the the shape of the mouth. Practice creating the sound The words 'car' and 'race' can help here. Join them together and say them slowly to create - 'caaaarrrrace' Then put a little more effort at 'R' - 'caaaarrRrace' Then only make the sound for the word race 'caaaarrRrace' Word practice ran, right, read, reach, red, risk, rock, raw, rut, room, rook, road, run, rate, royal, round, rear, ranch, rural story, very, around, during, series, orange, carry, sharing, Irish, Cairo, career, spirit pray, free, drama, broad, craft, trout, through, broil, grow, try, prime, break A tongue twister Robby's rabbit ran rapidly round the rustic ranch

Many languages have an 'r' sound where the tongue touches the roof of the mouth behind the teeth. Like 't' or 'd' sounds. English doesn't create its 'r' sound like this but tongue position is important however a different part of the tongue helps create the sound. The position of the sides of the tongue help create the 'r' sound in English. They need to touch the inside of the teeth further back in the mouth and the tip of the tongue is not touching anything. To make the tongue wider pushing against the inside of the teeth can help too. The tongue position is similar to a 'g' sound but not touching the roof of the mouth. This feeling is strange for many people from other languages and can take some time to get used to this sound. Combining with other consonants can make it quite difficult too.

See how people pronounce 'rate' ('r' sound at the start of a word)

See how people pronounce 'great' ('r' with a consonant in front)

'ng' sound in English

Not an 'n' sound or a 'g' sound

Some exercises Common words with ŋ at the end of the word long, reading, being, using, working, making, thing, looking, during, young, training, king, morning, shopping, getting, showing, nothing Common words with ŋ in the middle of the word link, language, things, thinks, England, longer, kingdom, angry, length, bank, monkey, ink, singer, ongoing, increase, rank, songs Word combinations where n changes to ŋ then come, in combination, on cue, in contact, on call, town clock one group, fun game, been great, in gear, on goal, brain growth Try some tongue twisters Bring the ring and swing. In the bank, Hank sank his ink pen in the pink ink tank. The young king's ringing laughter echoes across the kingdom. With strong wings, the penguin flings itself into the freezing ocean. Winged things singing, clinging to the ringing string, bringing spring to everything.

In English there are many words that end in -ng. Rather than creating an 'n' then a 'g' sound it is a different 'ŋ' sound. There are some variations with different accents where 'n' or 'ŋ' is used. The tongue is in the same position as a 'k' or 'g' sound but like a 'm' or 'n' the sound is made through your nose. Just like the 'n' or 'm' sounds you can create the sound for as long as you like using the air from your breath. Try 'nnnnnnnnnnnnnnn' then 'ŋŋŋŋŋŋŋŋŋŋŋŋŋŋŋŋ'. The 'ŋ' also is used instead of 'n' when a 'k' sound 'g' follows an 'n' when written. Some examples of this are 'tank' (tæŋk), 'gong' (ɡɒŋ) and 'zinc' (zɪŋk). This also happens when the word before ends with the letter n and the next word starts with 'g' or 'k' as a shortcut because the next sound can be created more easily with 'ŋ' then 'g' or 'k' rather than 'n' then 'k' or 'g'. Some examples are 'in court' (ɪŋ kɔːt).

See how people pronounce 'sing' (sɪŋ)

See how people pronounce 'on green' (ɒŋ griːn)

'w' sound in English

The shape of the lips is important

Some exercises Common words with w at the start of the word why, when, with, was, walk, would, one, world, week, way, what, wound (n.), wow, weird, where, warm, wardrobe, wolf, worth, once Practice w in different parts of the wordquote, quiet, swoosh, query, software, memoir, network, award, awkward, worldwide, meanwhile, question, language, somewhat Try some tongue twisters Quick, quit quacking when I wink. Wet weather won't weaken William. Wesley wears weird, wavy, wobbly wigs weekly. Walter watched whales wading, waving their majestic tails. Wilt's wiggle worms wiggle and wriggle on a wrinkled white sheet. Wendy went wandering with her wacky wooden wagon, wading through the wild woods. Willow, the witty witch, weaves wicked webs with her wand, whispering weird words and watching whimsical wraiths waltz.

One of the easier sounds to create in English. However, some speakers may replace it with a 'v' sound as that is the closest equivalent in their langauge. So some learners may need to break habit. Breaking the habit can be done with some exercises. The most important thing is to create a small 'o' shape with the lips. This is the starting position to create this sound. Once the lips are in this position the voice is used to create a hum-like sound. Then as the mouth shape changes to create the next sound of the word. An important note for learners is that when the letter 'w' appears it does not always pronounced as this 'w' sound. Some good examples are when the letter 'w' is at the end of a word (e.g. now, know, saw). Also the letters 'wr' are pronounced as an 'r' (e.g. write).

See how people pronounce 'was'

See how people pronounce 'we were working'

English and Turkish Vowel Sounds

Click on different words to hear audio

back

back

central

front

central

front

close (high)

close (high)

/siː/ see

/bluː/ blue

/diz/ diz knee

/muz/ muz banana

/kɯz/ kız girl

/syt/ süt milk

/hɪt/ hit

/pʊt/ put

/pjʊər/ pure

/nɪər/ near

close-mid

close-mid

/əˈweɪ/ away

/fɔːr/ four

/ɡəʊ/ go

/lɔː/ law

/bɔɪ/ boy

/ɡoʊ/ go

/tɜːn/ turn

/bɛd/ bed

/kol/ kol arm

/dʒep/ cep pocket

/ɡœʊ/ göz eye

/ɛəʳ/ air

open-mid

open-mid

/sɛɪ/say

/hɒt/ hot

/kʌp/ cup

/lɑː/ law

/kæt/ cat

open-low

/faɪv/ five

open-low

/ɑːm/ arm

/naʊ/now

/baba/ baba father

/hɑːt/ hot

Only British English

Only American English

Vowel pronounced with rounded lips

An allophone of 'e' before l, m, n, ɾ

back

central

front

close (high)

/siː/ see

/bluː/ blue

/hɪt/ hit

/pʊt/ put

/pjʊər/ pure

/nɪər/ near

close-mid

/əˈweɪ/ away

/fɔːr/ four

/ɡəʊ/ go

/lɔː/ law

/bɔɪ/ boy

/ɡoʊ/ go

/tɜːn/ turn

/bɛd/ bed

/ɛəʳ/ air

open-mid

/sɛɪ/say

/hɒt/ hot

/kʌp/ cup

/lɑː/ law

/kæt/ cat

open-low

Only British English

/faɪv/ five

/ɑːm/ arm

Only American English

/naʊ/now

/hɑːt/ hot

Vowel pronounced with rounded lips

back

central

front

close (high)

/muz/ muz banana

/kɯz/ kız girl

/diz/ diz knee

/syt/ süt milk

close-mid

/kol/ kol arm

/dʒep/ cep pocket

/ɡœʊ/ göz eye

open-mid

open-low

An allophone of 'e' before l, m, n, ɾ

/baba/ baba father

back

central

front

back

central

front

close (high)

close (high)

/siː/ see

/bluː/ blue

/diz/ diz knee

/muz/ muz banana

/kɯz/ kız girl

/syt/ süt milk

/hɪt/ hit

/pʊt/ put

/pjʊər/ pure

/nɪər/ near

close-mid

close-mid

/əˈweɪ/ away

/fɔːr/ four

/ɡəʊ/ go

/lɔː/ law

/kol/ kol arm

/bɔɪ/ boy

/dʒep/ cep pocket

/ɡœʊ/ göz eye

/ɡoʊ/ go

/tɜːn/ turn

/bɛd/ bed

open-mid

/ɛəʳ/ air

open-mid

/sɛɪ/say

/hɒt/ hot

/kʌp/ cup

/lɑː/ law

/kæt/ cat

open-low

open-low

/baba/ baba father

/faɪv/ five

/ɑːm/ arm

Only British English

Only American English

Vowel pronounced with rounded lips

/naʊ/now

An allophone of 'e' before l, m, n, ɾ

/hɑːt/ hot

For sounds

https://www.internationalphoneticalphabet.org/ipa-chart-audio/mp3/Close_front_unrounded_vowel.mp3

https://www.internationalphoneticalphabet.org/ipa-sounds/ipa-chart-with-sounds/

Velar

Palatar

Postalveolar

Dental

Bilabial

Alveolar

Retroflex

Labiodental

Glottal

Uvular

Pharyngeal

Plosive

Nasal

Trill

Tap or Flap

Fricative

Lateral Fricative

Approximant

Lateral Approximant

Velar

Palatar

Postalveolar

Dental

Bilabial

Alveolar

Retroflex

Labiodental

Glottal

Uvular

Pharyngeal

Plosive

Nasal

Trill

Tap or Flap

Fricative

Lateral Fricative

Approximant

Lateral Approximant

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