Cambodia
After decolonization
By Krish Gnani, Hasini Nerella,& Khushi V yas
Introduction
Topic: Cambodia Brief Context: Cambodia gained independence from France on November 9, 1953, through a series of negotiations led by King Norodom Sihanouk and the Cambodian political elite. which resulted in the signing of the Franco-Cambodian Treaty. Objective/Goals: What were the political, social, and economic effects of the decolonization of Cambodia
Economy after decolonization
During the French colonial era (1863– 53) emphasis was placed on agriculture and when Cambodia seperated from France, the newly independent Cambodian economy began with a low industrial base. During the Sihanouk Regime, two plans were installed. The Two-Year Plan (1956–57) concentrated on developing infrastructure while the Five-Year Plan (1960–64) focused more on building factories (Delvert 1963).
Economy after the civil war
The Khmer Republic implemented a new policy, which was the disengagement of the public sector and the emphasis on private enterprises as the mechanism for commercial and industrial development. After the fall of the Khmer Rouge regime, A marxist regime after the civil war, (1975-79), Cambodia began undertaking market-based reforms in the late 1980s (WTO 2011).
Economy after the civil war
The Khmer Republic implemented a new policy, which was the disengagement of the public sector and the emphasis on private enterprises as the mechanism for commercial and industrial development. After the fall of the Khmer Rouge regime, A marxist regime after the civil war, (1975-79), Cambodia began undertaking market-based reforms in the late 1980s (WTO 2011).
The economy now
Reflecting rapid economic growth, the country transitioned from a low-income developing country to a lower-middle-income developing economy status in 2016, due to The Industrial Development Action Plan of Cambodia (1998-2003) Although Cambodia still relies heavily on agriculture, Cambodia became the world's eighth-largest garment exporter in 2018 with the most-favored-nation (MFN) treatment by the US in 1996.
Norodom Sihanouk
Political
During colonial rule, Cambodia was established as a protectorate that was part of French Indochina. As part of the treaty that established this protectorate, the Cambodian monarchy was allowed to remain but a French resident general had most of the power.
After decolonization and independence in 1953, the monarchy with King Norodom Sihanouk established the Kingdom of Cambodia and took control of the state.
Lon Nol
Political
While the monarchy was in power, Cambodia experienced 15 years of peace and prosperity but it was not to last.
Conflicts regarding whether to maintain relations with the US or Vietnam during periods of foreign conflict led to a successful coup organized by then Prime Minister Lon Nol in 1970. Then, Nol established the Khmer Republic which only lasted for 5 years.
Pot Pol
Political
in 1975, the Khmer Rouge with its dictator Pol Pot invaded Cambodia and in the turn of power, Sihanouk briefly became head of state
The Khmer Rouge lasted for 4 years, after which Vietnamese invasions caused them to ask Sihanouk for help in the UN
in 1981, the Vietnamese established their own pro-Vietnamese government in Cambodia which was not accepted internationally. Sihanouk + Khmer Rouge were treated as "government-in-exile" in the UN.
Replace this photo, then delete this text box!
Political
in 1989, Vietnam withdraws with its government
in 1991, a peace conference organized in Paris restored the monarchy in Cambodia
in 1993, a three-party coalition government is formed between Sihanouk's neutralist party, the Khmer Rouge, and the Khmer People's National Liberation Front
TO SUMMARIZE, decolonization led to political instability and multiple changes of government that have been somewhat caused and resolved due to foreign interference.
Social
During colonial rule, cambodia was integrated into the French Indochina union along with other French colonies and protectorates in Vietnam.
There were many pros and cons to Franceś colonialism. France's greatest contribution to Cambodia was its restoration of the temples at Yasodharapura and redicovery of Ankhor as French scholars deciphered Angkorean inscriptions and rebuilt many of the temples. This provided Cambodians with a wonderful history that´s been forgotten.
Replace this photo, then delete this text box!
Social
However, France´s faults was mostly that it failed to educate Cambodian people, and allowed them no opportunities, before the 1940s, to participate in politics. They left the country very unprepared for independence.
But by the late 1960s, the French influence was on the decline. Lon Nol, the prime minster, launched xenophobic campaigns against large ethnic groups in the country, including the Chinese and, the Vietnamese. causing buildings to lose their royal names in an anti-royalist backlash.
Replace this photo, then delete this text box!
Social
In April 1975, the Khmer Rouge took over. Though some of the senior leaders in the radical communist movement had been educated in France. Howeverthis didn’t lead to an enlightened society. Nearly 2 million Cambodians perished from disease, overwork, starvation and execution.
It was a socialism movement as Pol Pot, the dictator at that time, centralized the peasant farming society of Cambodia virtually overnight, in unity with the Chinese Communist agricultural model.
Video
Mass atrocity: A Call to Action
The Cambodian Genocide, which occurred from 1975 to 1979 under the Khmer Rouge regime led by Pol Pot, resulted in the deaths of approximately 1.5 to 3.0 million people through execution, forced labor, starvation, and disease. The genocide targeted intellectuals, professionals, ethnic minorities, and anyone perceived as a threat to the regime's vision. Let us unite to remember the victims of the Cambodian Genocide by actively supporting actrions for justice, accountability, and remembrance. Together, we can amplify their voices, advocate for truth, and prevent such atrocities from ever happening again.
Adjust font size so everything fits!
Works Cited
Chhair, Sokty, and Luyna Ung. Economic History of Industrialization in Cambodia. July 2016, www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/L2C_WP7_Chhair-and-Ung-v2-1.pdf.Mah, Jai S. "Industrial-Led Economic Development of Cambodia: Implications for Low-Income Developing Countries." Journal of Southeast Asian Economies, vol. 39, no. 2, Aug. 2022, pp. 198+. Gale General OneFile Custom, https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A732023327/GPS?u=j043905009&sid=bookmark- GPS&xid=d5898ee4.%20Accessed%2022%20Mar.%202024. Chandler, David. "Cambodia: A Historical Overview." Asia Society, Asia Society, asiasociety.org/education/cambodia-historical-overview. Accessed 22 Mar. 2024. “Cambodia.” College of Liberal Arts, University of Minnesota, cla.umn.edu/chgs/holocaust-genocide-education/resource-guides/cambodia. Accessed 25 Mar. 2024. Chandler, David. “Cambodia.” Cambodia’s Historical Legacy, Conciliation Resources, 1 Nov. 1998, www.c-r.org/accord/cambodia/cambodias-historical-legacy. Freeman, Joseph. “In Phnom Penh, Cambodia, the French Influence Lives On .” Washington Post, 23 Jan. 2014, www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/travel/in-phnom-penh-cambodia-the-french-influence-lives-on/2014/01/23/8023ea12-7eec-11e3-9556-4a4bf7bcbd84_story.html.
Adjust font size so everything fits!
Works Cited
chandler, david. “Cambodian History.” Cambodia Tribunal Monitor, July 2009, cambodiatribunal.org/history/cambodian-history/. Unknown. “Cambodia Profile - Timeline.” BBC News, BBC, 20 July 2018, www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-13006828. Thomson, R. Stanley. “The Establishment of the French Protectorate Over Cambodia.” The Far Eastern Quarterly, vol. 4, no. 4, 1945, pp. 313–40. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/2049693. Accessed 26 Mar. 2024.
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Norodom Sihanouk". Encyclopedia Britannica, 23 Feb. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Norodom-Sihanouk. Accessed 26 March 2024.
Decolonization Student Template
.220
Created on March 22, 2024
Start designing with a free template
Discover more than 1500 professional designs like these:
View
Vintage Photo Album
View
Nature Presentation
View
Halloween Presentation
View
Tarot Presentation
View
Vaporwave presentation
View
Women's Presentation
View
Geniaflix Presentation
Explore all templates
Transcript
Cambodia
After decolonization
By Krish Gnani, Hasini Nerella,& Khushi V yas
Introduction
Topic: Cambodia Brief Context: Cambodia gained independence from France on November 9, 1953, through a series of negotiations led by King Norodom Sihanouk and the Cambodian political elite. which resulted in the signing of the Franco-Cambodian Treaty. Objective/Goals: What were the political, social, and economic effects of the decolonization of Cambodia
Economy after decolonization
During the French colonial era (1863– 53) emphasis was placed on agriculture and when Cambodia seperated from France, the newly independent Cambodian economy began with a low industrial base. During the Sihanouk Regime, two plans were installed. The Two-Year Plan (1956–57) concentrated on developing infrastructure while the Five-Year Plan (1960–64) focused more on building factories (Delvert 1963).
Economy after the civil war
The Khmer Republic implemented a new policy, which was the disengagement of the public sector and the emphasis on private enterprises as the mechanism for commercial and industrial development. After the fall of the Khmer Rouge regime, A marxist regime after the civil war, (1975-79), Cambodia began undertaking market-based reforms in the late 1980s (WTO 2011).
Economy after the civil war
The Khmer Republic implemented a new policy, which was the disengagement of the public sector and the emphasis on private enterprises as the mechanism for commercial and industrial development. After the fall of the Khmer Rouge regime, A marxist regime after the civil war, (1975-79), Cambodia began undertaking market-based reforms in the late 1980s (WTO 2011).
The economy now
Reflecting rapid economic growth, the country transitioned from a low-income developing country to a lower-middle-income developing economy status in 2016, due to The Industrial Development Action Plan of Cambodia (1998-2003) Although Cambodia still relies heavily on agriculture, Cambodia became the world's eighth-largest garment exporter in 2018 with the most-favored-nation (MFN) treatment by the US in 1996.
Norodom Sihanouk
Political
During colonial rule, Cambodia was established as a protectorate that was part of French Indochina. As part of the treaty that established this protectorate, the Cambodian monarchy was allowed to remain but a French resident general had most of the power.
After decolonization and independence in 1953, the monarchy with King Norodom Sihanouk established the Kingdom of Cambodia and took control of the state.
Lon Nol
Political
While the monarchy was in power, Cambodia experienced 15 years of peace and prosperity but it was not to last.
Conflicts regarding whether to maintain relations with the US or Vietnam during periods of foreign conflict led to a successful coup organized by then Prime Minister Lon Nol in 1970. Then, Nol established the Khmer Republic which only lasted for 5 years.
Pot Pol
Political
in 1975, the Khmer Rouge with its dictator Pol Pot invaded Cambodia and in the turn of power, Sihanouk briefly became head of state
The Khmer Rouge lasted for 4 years, after which Vietnamese invasions caused them to ask Sihanouk for help in the UN
in 1981, the Vietnamese established their own pro-Vietnamese government in Cambodia which was not accepted internationally. Sihanouk + Khmer Rouge were treated as "government-in-exile" in the UN.
Replace this photo, then delete this text box!
Political
in 1989, Vietnam withdraws with its government
in 1991, a peace conference organized in Paris restored the monarchy in Cambodia
in 1993, a three-party coalition government is formed between Sihanouk's neutralist party, the Khmer Rouge, and the Khmer People's National Liberation Front
TO SUMMARIZE, decolonization led to political instability and multiple changes of government that have been somewhat caused and resolved due to foreign interference.
Social
During colonial rule, cambodia was integrated into the French Indochina union along with other French colonies and protectorates in Vietnam.
There were many pros and cons to Franceś colonialism. France's greatest contribution to Cambodia was its restoration of the temples at Yasodharapura and redicovery of Ankhor as French scholars deciphered Angkorean inscriptions and rebuilt many of the temples. This provided Cambodians with a wonderful history that´s been forgotten.
Replace this photo, then delete this text box!
Social
However, France´s faults was mostly that it failed to educate Cambodian people, and allowed them no opportunities, before the 1940s, to participate in politics. They left the country very unprepared for independence.
But by the late 1960s, the French influence was on the decline. Lon Nol, the prime minster, launched xenophobic campaigns against large ethnic groups in the country, including the Chinese and, the Vietnamese. causing buildings to lose their royal names in an anti-royalist backlash.
Replace this photo, then delete this text box!
Social
In April 1975, the Khmer Rouge took over. Though some of the senior leaders in the radical communist movement had been educated in France. Howeverthis didn’t lead to an enlightened society. Nearly 2 million Cambodians perished from disease, overwork, starvation and execution.
It was a socialism movement as Pol Pot, the dictator at that time, centralized the peasant farming society of Cambodia virtually overnight, in unity with the Chinese Communist agricultural model.
Video
Mass atrocity: A Call to Action
The Cambodian Genocide, which occurred from 1975 to 1979 under the Khmer Rouge regime led by Pol Pot, resulted in the deaths of approximately 1.5 to 3.0 million people through execution, forced labor, starvation, and disease. The genocide targeted intellectuals, professionals, ethnic minorities, and anyone perceived as a threat to the regime's vision. Let us unite to remember the victims of the Cambodian Genocide by actively supporting actrions for justice, accountability, and remembrance. Together, we can amplify their voices, advocate for truth, and prevent such atrocities from ever happening again.
Adjust font size so everything fits!
Works Cited
Chhair, Sokty, and Luyna Ung. Economic History of Industrialization in Cambodia. July 2016, www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/L2C_WP7_Chhair-and-Ung-v2-1.pdf.Mah, Jai S. "Industrial-Led Economic Development of Cambodia: Implications for Low-Income Developing Countries." Journal of Southeast Asian Economies, vol. 39, no. 2, Aug. 2022, pp. 198+. Gale General OneFile Custom, https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A732023327/GPS?u=j043905009&sid=bookmark- GPS&xid=d5898ee4.%20Accessed%2022%20Mar.%202024. Chandler, David. "Cambodia: A Historical Overview." Asia Society, Asia Society, asiasociety.org/education/cambodia-historical-overview. Accessed 22 Mar. 2024. “Cambodia.” College of Liberal Arts, University of Minnesota, cla.umn.edu/chgs/holocaust-genocide-education/resource-guides/cambodia. Accessed 25 Mar. 2024. Chandler, David. “Cambodia.” Cambodia’s Historical Legacy, Conciliation Resources, 1 Nov. 1998, www.c-r.org/accord/cambodia/cambodias-historical-legacy. Freeman, Joseph. “In Phnom Penh, Cambodia, the French Influence Lives On .” Washington Post, 23 Jan. 2014, www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/travel/in-phnom-penh-cambodia-the-french-influence-lives-on/2014/01/23/8023ea12-7eec-11e3-9556-4a4bf7bcbd84_story.html.
Adjust font size so everything fits!
Works Cited
chandler, david. “Cambodian History.” Cambodia Tribunal Monitor, July 2009, cambodiatribunal.org/history/cambodian-history/. Unknown. “Cambodia Profile - Timeline.” BBC News, BBC, 20 July 2018, www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-13006828. Thomson, R. Stanley. “The Establishment of the French Protectorate Over Cambodia.” The Far Eastern Quarterly, vol. 4, no. 4, 1945, pp. 313–40. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/2049693. Accessed 26 Mar. 2024. Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Norodom Sihanouk". Encyclopedia Britannica, 23 Feb. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Norodom-Sihanouk. Accessed 26 March 2024.