Applied Research Methodology

Applied research focuses on practical problem-solving and real-world impact. The methods used in applied research are often categorised by the type of data they collect and analyse (qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods) and the specific approach to solving the problem at hand. Here’s a closer look at the types of applied research methods: 1. Quantitative Methods involves collecting numerical data to understand phenomena quantitatively. The goal is to determine relationships between variables and generalise findings to larger populations. Common quantitative methods include - Surveys: Using questionnaires to collect data from a large group of people. Experiments: Manipulating variables to determine cause-and-effect relationships. Statistical Analysis: Applying mathematical techniques to analyze and interpret numerical data.

2. Qualitative Methods: focus on understanding the meaning, characteristics, and aspects of the problem. They are often exploratory and involve collecting non-numerical data. Common qualitative methods include - Interviews and one-on-one conversations to gain in-depth insights. Focus Groups: Discussions with a small group of people to explore their perceptions and experiences. Ethnography: Detailed observation of people in their natural environment. Case Studies: Comprehensive examination of a single instance or event. 3. The Mixed Methods Approach combines quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis within the same study. This approach provides a more comprehensive understanding of research problems by merging the numerical breadth of quantitative data with the depth of qualitative insights.

4. Action Research is a participatory approach that involves iterative cycles of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. The goal is to effect change within the context being studied, making it a highly practical method for applied research in fields such as education, healthcare, and organisational development. 5. Evaluative Research This type of research method is used to assess the effectiveness of a policy, program, or intervention. Evaluative research can be formative (to improve a program while it is being developed) or summative (to assess its effectiveness after it has been implemented). 6. Developmental Research Often used in engineering, product development, and educational technology, developmental research focuses on developing and evaluating new products, tools, or interventions. This method involves iterative processes of design, testing, and refinement. 7. Operational research involves using advanced analytical methods to help make better decisions. It is often applied in the management of organizations to optimise processes, maximise efficiency, and solve complex problems. 8. Participatory Research This approach emphasizes the involvement of stakeholders or community members as co-researchers in the research process. It is grounded in collaboration and seeks to address issues of importance to the community or group being studied. Each type of applied research method is chosen based on the specific objectives of the study, the nature of the research question, and the context in which the study is conducted. The choice significantly influences how the research is designed, carried out, and interpreted.