TRAVEL UNIT 8-INT 04

TRAVEL

¿Encima de qué están paradas las personas?

7. What kind of holiday do you think this is? Why? 8. Do you think the people do this kind of trip often? Why or why not? 9. Would you like to take a trip like this?

UNIT 8: TRAVELS

2. LISTEN TO THREE PEOPLE TALKING ABOUT THE TRAVEL. WRITE THE NUMBER OF THE SPEAKER (1-3) NEXT TO THE THINGS THEY TALK ABOUT. * being on planes * planning * business trips * a round-the-world trip * day trips * taking local buses and trains. * delays * travelling for work * luggage * weekend away

READING PRACTICE

1. Read the text and choose the correct sub-heading (1–5) for each section of the text (A–D). There is one extra heading that you do not need to use. 1 Why is it special? 2 What can you do? 3 What is it? 4 How can you find out more? 5 Why is it under threat?

Environmental issue of the week: The threat to Bolivia’s remarkable salt flats A ….. With its remarkable vistas, Bolivia’s Salar de Uyuni is beginning to capture the world’s attention. For those not familiar with the name, salar is Spanish for salt lake. Salar de Uyuni is in a remote location, high up on the vast Altiplano plateau in the Andes mountain range. Stretching more than 4,050 square miles, it is the world’s largest salt flat, created after prehistoric lakes evaporated thousands of years ago. Here, a thick crust of salt extends to the horizon, covered in raised geometric patterns. B.... At certain times of the year, lakes in the region overflow and a thin layer of water covers the flats, transforming them into a spectacular reflection of the sky. This endless horizon allows photographers to play with perspective and many of them share their photos on social media.

READING PRACTICE

1. Read the text and choose the correct sub-heading (1–5) for each section of the text (A–D). There is one extra heading that you do not need to use. 1 Why is it special? 2 What can you do? 3 What is it? 4 How can you find out more? 5 Why is it under threat?

Environmental issue of the week: The threat to Bolivia’s remarkable salt flats B... For this reason, Salar de Uyuni has become the latest ‘must-see’ tourist destination. The rise in visitor numbers has resulted in more jobs for locals as guides, drivers and hotel workers, and has provided a much-needed boost to the local economy. Salar de Uyuni is also of interest to scientists because of its unique ecosystem. Certain rare species of animals and plants have adapted to survive in this inhospitable environment. For example, it is home to three species of flamingo. Another reason why Salar de Uyuni is attracting the world’s attention lies beneath the surface. Underneath Salar de Uyuni is one of the world’s richest deposits of lithium, a rare and precious metal used in the batteries that power our smart phones and laptops. The Bolivian government has recently opened a lithium production plant in the area.

READING PRACTICE

1 Why is it special? 2 What can you do? 3 What is it? 4 How can you find out more? 5 Why is it under threat?

Environmental issue of the week: The threat to Bolivia’s remarkable salt flats C... This remote, pristine and naturally stunning place is now under threat from tourism and mining. Experience in other tourism hotspots shows that an influx of tourists can lead to unexpected and unwanted problems, such as excess rubbish, damage to the environment and the disturbance of wildlife. Mining could bring much-needed wealth to the country, but at the same time, it could potentially destroy Salar de Uyuni’s unique eco system. D. As an individual, you may feel that there is little you can do to help. However, there are some positive contributions that you can make. First, you can consider making a donation to UNESCO. They are dedicated to preserving precious sites around the world through their World Heritage List, and they recently sponsored research into the risk factors of lithium mining in Salar de Uyuni. Another action that you can take is to write a letter to the editor of your national newspaper, alerting people to the issue and outlining your concerns. You can also tell your friends about Salar de Uyuni by writing a post on social media. In this way, you can help to raise awareness of the importance of protecting this unique place for future generations.

SALAR UYUNI

1 In the first paragraph, what does the writer say makes Salar de Uyuni so unique? a It’s the biggest of its kind. b It’s the oldest in the world. c It’s the highest on Earth. d It’s the purest in nature. 2 Apart from tourism, what is Salar de Uyuni’s other main industry? a electronics b wildlife tours c scientific research d agriculture 3 According to the third paragraph, why has Salar de Uyuni only now become popular with tourists? a because it is cheaper than other holiday destinations b because of a marketing campaign from the Ministry of Tourism c because of the widespread sharing of photos on social media d because the Bolivian economy has improved

4 In the final paragraph, what does the author advise readers to do to help Salar de Uyuni? a go and see it for themselves before it’s too late b stop buying lithium batteries c contact the Bolivian government d share information about it in the media

SALAR de UYUNI

Quickly skim the text and choose the correct options. What kind of text is this? 1 Genre: This is … the introduction to a book about South America / an article in a travel magazine / an article from an environmental website. 2 Audience: A typical reader of this text is someone who … is looking for an unusual place to visit on their next trip / is interested in environmental issues / wants to find out the origins of salt. 3 Purpose: The author’s purpose in this text is to … entertain readers with a humorous account of her experiences / alert readers to the importance of a little-known environmental issue / warn readers about the dangers of travelling alone. 4 Style: The text is written in a style that is informal / formal / neutral.

SALAR de UYUNI

REPORT SECTIONS

Reports tend to be written in formal language. Write these formal expressions (a–j) in the correct column in the table.

REPORT SECTIONS

Reports tend to be written in formal language. Write these formal expressions (a–j) in the correct column in the table.

a It is recommended that... (se recomienda que...)

g The main purpose of this report is...

c Base on my experience...

b I strongly recommend that... (recomiendo completamente que...)

i In recent years...

h This report aims to...

d The best solution would seem to be... (la mejor solución parece ser...)

f There are a number of...

j All things considered...

e Another option would be to...

OUTLINE (BOSQUEJO) BEFORE WRITING

Reports tend to be written in formal language. Write these formal expressions (a–j) in the correct column in the table.

OUTLINE EXAMPLE ¿WHICH IS BETTER? AND WHY?

* Outline A is better because it addresses all parts of the question. * Outline B does not fulfil the requirements of the task. * It leaves out the ‘recent trends and issues’ part of the question.

READ THE REPORT

Local eating places The main purpose of this report is to give an overview of Springfield’s eating facilities and evaluate their suitability for tourists. Based on my experience as an international student in Springfield, I believe there are some improvements which the council could make to the restaurant scene. Fast Food, cafés, and restaurants There are a number of good quality restaurants in the Springfield area, which are suitable for most people, such as Italian, Indian and Chinese restaurants, sushi bars and steak houses. In addition, we are fortunate to have several cafés and sandwich bars, which are popular in the mornings with young mothers and children, and with office workers at lunchtime. Students often go to fast-food places which sell hamburgers, kebabs or pizza at cheap prices.

READ THE REPORT

Recent issues In recent years, many fast-food restaurants have extended their hours, with most open until late. Furby’s Burgers, for example, stays open until midnight. At the same time, prices have gone up dramatically in some of the better restaurants. As a consequence, young people are going out less than they used to or are eating at cheaper restaurants. Recommendations The main area of concern among students in Springfield is the cost of eating out. If they do not wish to eat fast food, tourists will also find the prices at nice restaurants to be overly expensive. Therefore, I strongly recommend that the city council looks at providing some more affordable restaurant options for both residents and tourists.

HIGHLIGHT THE KEY WORDS

Recent issues In recent years, (FACTUAL INFORMATION) many fast-food restaurants have extended their hours, with most open until late. Furby’s Burgers, for example, (SPECIFIC EXAMPLE) stays open until midnight. At the same time, prices have gone up dramatically in some of the better restaurants. As a consequence, (FORMAL LANGUAGE) young people are going out less than they used to or are eating at cheaper restaurants. Recommendations The main area of concern among (OPINION) students in Springfield is the cost of eating out. If they do not wish to eat fast food, tourists will also find the prices at nice restaurants to be overly expensive. Therefore, I strongly recommend that the city council looks at providing some more affordable restaurant options for both residents and tourists.

WRITING AN ESSAY discussing a problem and suggesting solutions

PLAN + There are differents types of essay but an essay discussing a problem and suggesting solutions is another type of an essay when you are asked the causes of a problem and make suggestions concerning solutions to the problem. Below is a general plan of this type of essay with questions to help you when planning one. INTRODUCTION: *Introduce the subject of the essay. * What are you going to discuss. * State your opinion about the causes * What points/aspects of the problem/ MAIN PART: of the problem, do you are agree situation are you going to discuss? (2- 3 paragraphs) or desagree? * What kind of evidence are you going to * Support your ideas with justification include? or examples. CONCLUSION: * Summerice your points. * What is your overall opinion of the * Rastate your opinion. issue?

GUIDE TO WRITING * Decide what aspect of the problem you want to focus on and explain or give examples illustrating it. * Present your points in a way that it easy for the reader to follow. Divide your article into paragraphs, have a new paragraph for each major point and start each paragraph with a topic sentence. * Try to bae your points on facts or use an example to justify them. * Suggest one or two solutions and elaborate on the rather than simply listing different solutions. * Use a wide range of vocabulary and a variety of grammatical structures. * Use a variety of expressions to make suggestions. Look at the box below for ideas. > It would be a good idea > One practical suggestions is > Another suggetion is > People might / can /coul / should /shuouldn't > A possible solution to the problem is / would be. * Use linking word/ phrases to join your sentences /paragraphs and make to essay easier to follow. Look at the table on the next slide for ideas.

LINKING WORDS / PHRASES

LISTING POINTS: Initially, first (of all), at first, to begin/ start with, second, secondly, then, next, finally, eventually, lastly, last but not least, to conclude, in conclusion. ADDING MORE POINTS: In addition (to this), furthermore, morover, apart from, besides, what is more, as well as, not only...but also EMPHASIZING: In fact, as a matter of fact, no matter how, however (+ adjective), even, indeed, actually, instead GIVING EXAMPLES: For example, for instance, such as, like EXPRESSING RESULTS So, therefore, as a result/consequence, consequently, in this case, for this OR CONSEQUENCE: reason, otherwise, or, so/ such...that EXPRESSING CONTRAST: But, however, nevertheless, on the other hand, contrary to, in contrast, regardless of, in comparison to, although, even though, despite, in spite of EXPRESSING REASON: Because (of), since, as, due to, owing to EXPRESSING PORPUSE: In order to, so as to, so that, in case, for, to CLARIFYING MEANING: specifacally, to be more specific/precise, in other words, that is to say SUMMERIZING: To sum up, to summarize, all in all, on the whole, in short

WRITING PRACTICE: COMPLAINING AND APOLOGISING

Arequipa without drinking water! The service cut of SEDAPAR affects more than 70% of the population, it is due to the high degree of turbidity of the water in the catchment area.

INTRODUCTION:

MAIN PART:

CONCLUSION:

IT IS AN EXAMPLE ONLY

My new internet service was installed on 3rd January by your company technician. I subscribe to your Premium Business Plan service. Apparently this guarantees (according to your website) 'maximum download speeds and superfast broadband'. However, it is now two weeks since installation and there have been a series of problems with the service. First of all, internet use is often interrupted or download speeds are very slow. This means that I am unable to videoconference with colleagues and clients. Worse still, on 10th January there was no service at all so I telephoned your helpline. I was told by a recorded voice that the service was temporarily interrupted. In fact, the service did not return until 24 hours later. The internet service continues to be slow. Having been unable to speak to someone, I am writing to you to demand that a technician solves the problems immediately. I intend to withhold any further direct debits from my bank account until the matter is resolved.

* What is the porpuse of which paragraph? Match it!

* Writers often use -ly adverbs such as fortunately, accidentally, etc. to comment on a sentence. Find three sentences in the text with -ly adverbs, and then answer these questions.

* Read the telecom company’s reply. Choose the correct options to complete the letter. Note the position of each adverb and what it comments on.

* Match paragraphs 1–3 with the purpose a–c.

TRAVEL /TRIP / JOURNEY

Travel Puede ser un verbo o un nombre: Verbo. Hacer un viaje, normalmente de cierta duración. e.g. - I would like to travel to Australia. - Josephine hates to travel early. (Me gustaría viajar a Australia.) (Josephine odia viajar temprano.) -We need to travel as far as we can tonight. (Necesitamos viajar tan lejos como podamos esta noche. ) Nombre. La acción de viajar. e.g. -Does any section of science consider time travel a possibility? (¿Alguna sección de la ciencia considera que el viaje en el tiempo sea una posibilidad?) - Pay attention when I talk about my travel plans. (Presta atención cuando hablo sobre mis planes de viaje.)

TRAVEL /TRIP / JOURNEY

Trip Tiene diferentes significados, pero en el sentido que ahora nos interesa es un nombre: Nombre. Un pequeño viaje o excursión, especialmente por placer. e.g. - From here to Paris it’s only a two hour trip. ( De aquí a París es solo un viaje de dos horas.) - They took a weekend trip to the beach. (Hicieron un viaje de fin de semana en la playa.) -The landscape is magic, the trip is far from being over. (El paisaje es mágico, el viaje está lejos de acabarse.)

TRAVEL /TRIP / JOURNEY

Journey Puede ser un verbo o un nombre. Verbo. Viajar a algún lugar. e.g. - We must journey to the land beyond the mountains. (Debemos viajar a la tierra de más allá de las montañas.) - I will journey across the Sahara. (Yo viajaré a través del Sahara.) - She journeys across the world. (Ella viaja por todo el mundo.) Nombre. El acto de viajar de un lugar a otro. e.g. - A journey by train is always full of joy and excitement. (Un viaje en tren está siempre lleno de alegría y emoción. )

TRAVEL /TRIP / JOURNEY

Journey e.g. -We always consider our life as a journey. (Nosotros siempre consideramos nuestra vida como un viaje.) -During our journey we had to face lot of inconvenience. (Durante nuestro viaje tuvimos que plantar cara a muchos inconvenientes.)

TRAVEL* Viajar en forma general. * No necesariamente especifica dónde y duración.

TRIP * Representa viajar brindado especificaciones como: * Lugar concreto y/o de * Corta duración

JOURNEY* Describe el trayecto del viaje

TRAVEL /TRIP / JOURNEY practice!

- How was your ____ to Paris?

- How was your ____ ? Was there much traffic on the motorway?

- They can also do the ____ by boat.

- I used to ____ a lot with my family.

- Air ___ is fast, but it's usually quite expensive.

- The ____ includes an entrance to the museum.

- I've just got back from an amazing ____ to Greece.

-We ___ right across Australia. It took a week.

- I love going on long train ____.

- We went on a few day ____ from the resort.

8D IS SOMETHING WRONG?

8D AT / FOR / FROM

AT * This is used to indicate a place. e.g. - There are a good number of people at the park. (Hay un buen número de personas en el parque.) FOR *This is used to indicatethe reason or because of e.g. - I am really happy for you. (Estoy muy feliz por ti.) * This is used toindicate the duration or time e.g. - I attended the session for one year only. (Asistí a la sesión solo durante un año. )

8D AT / FOR / FROM

FOR *This is used to specify the use of something. e.g. — She is preparing for her final exam. (Se está preparando para su examen final.) FROM * It is used to express the origin of something or someone. Means "de" e.g. - He is from London. - This book was sent from Italia. * It is used with time periods. e.g. - I have an English lesson from five to six in the afternoon. - John will be on holiday from Monday until/to Friday.

8D AT / FOR / FROM practice!

8D dealing with problems!

8D dealing with problems! WRITE AN INFORMAL EMAIL LIKE THIS.

Hi [informal expression] everyone! I finally made it; after an 18-hour delay in Bangkok! The weather here is awful but the people are fantastic. London is massive compared to Brisbane! So far I have: been shopping in Oxford Street, seen the Shard (wow!) [comment in brackets], done the Harry Potter tour (awesome!) [informal expression] , had a boat trip along the river. Then I slept all day & night cos jetlagged. Text from my uncle in Edinburgh - he has found me a job there for summer! Spk soon L xx