Trip to Singapore Botanic Garden

Journey to :

Singapore Botanic Garden

by Nur Amierah - 22307457

Start

Introductions

• Botanic garden is one of the most crucial institutions to conserve plant species.

• Creates platform for education purpose

• To keep documented collections of living plants for research, conservation, education and tourist attraction

Singapore botanic garden

• Honored as the only tropical garden that has become UNESCO Heritage Site

• Served as the front line of orchid studies and cultivations of hybrid

• Has been operating for 165 years

• Most critical triumphs on the advancement of Para Rubber

Diversity Of plants in singapore botanic garden

RAINFOREST

• The garden encompasses a 6 hectare section of primary forest

• Home to over 300 species

• some of the tree estimated 50m tall

ORCHIDS

• The garden has dedicated orchid nusery that has one of the world's most impressive orchid collection

• Over 2000 species and hybrids

• The national flower of Singapore, Vanda Miss Joaquim is also an orchid cultivated in the garden.

Ferns

• Many ferns can be found throughout the garden

• One of the best place to see is in The Evolution Garden

• Some of the species primitive resembles its earliest ancestors

• For example, Whisk Ferns.

Other Themed garden

Example :

• The Ginger Garden : include feautures of gingers from all over the world

• The Evolutional Garden : explores development of plant over time

Economical Value

Economic plants may be defined as those that are utilized either directly or indirectly for the benefit of Man. Indirect usage includes the needs of man’s livestock and the maintenance and improvement of the environment; the benefits may be domestic, commercial or aesthetic

(Ghazanfar, 1998)

Economical Value of plants

• Food source, medicines, ornamental and industries

• Raw materials gained from plants and giant trees used to produce various industrial products

• such as paper, spices, perfumes, cosmetics, rubber, furniture and other household products

Some of the plants with economical value

IN SINGAPORE BOTANIC GARDEN

Cananga Ordorata

Rubroshorea leprosula

Azadirachta indica

Adenanthera pavonina

Gnetum gnemon L.

Belinjau

Neem Tree

Saga Tree

Meranti Tembaga

Ylang ylang

click on the plant to know more !

Azadirachta indica

NEEM TREE

• Commonly known as neem, margosa or Indian lilac

• Native to the Indian subcontinent and to parts of Southeast Asia, but is naturalized and grown around the world in tropical and subtropical areas

Economical value

Click on the icon to see the economical value of the species

Gnetum gnemon L.

Belinjau

• Gymnosperm species, commonly known as Belinjau, Maninjau, Songkok and Bago

• It is native area are Mizoram and Assam in India down south through Malay Peninsula, Malay Archipelago and the Philippines in southeast Asia to the western Pacific islands

Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Tracheophyta Class: Gnetopsida Order: Gnetales Family: Gnetaceae Genus: Gnetum

Economical value

Click on the icon to see the economical value of the species

Adenanthera pavonina

saga tree

• fast-growing tree with a spreading crown of light and feathery foliage

• It can reach a height of 6-20 metres

Kingdom: Plantae Order: Fabales Family: Fabaceae Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae Genus: Adenanthera

Economical value

+ info

Click on the icon to see the economical value of the species

Rubroshorea leprosula

meranti tembaga

• an angiosperm species, well known as Meranti Tembaga, Seraya Tembaga, Lampong or Lentang

• The distribution of this species is from Peninsular Thailand, throughout the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra, to Borneo

Kingdom: Plantae Order: Malvales Family: Dipterocarpaceae Genus: Shorea

Economical value

+ info

Click on the icon to see the economical value of the species

Cananga Odorata

YLANG YLANG

• commonly known as Ylang Ylang or Cananga Tree
• a native tropical tree to Phillipines, Malaysia, Indonesia, New Guinea, The Solomon Islands and Queensland, Australia, Vietnam and Thailand

Kingdom: Plantae Order: Magnoliales Family: Annonaceae Genus: Cananga

Economical value

+ info

Click on the icon to see the economical value of the species

Benefits of Botanic Garden

• The green spaces associated with botanical gardens are often seen as providing health, employment, education, recreation, aesthetic and landscape benefits, as well as building civic pride and community spirit.

• Seen as protectors and conservers of plants and biodiversity, educators of the environment, providing for sources of economic business opportunities and tourism destinations, and providing programs and service that impact on the social and cultural health of the community.

References

| World Agroforestry | Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees. (n.d.). World Agroforestry | Transforming Lives and Landscapes With Trees. https://www.worldagroforestry.org/ ABS Biotrade: Ylang ylang (Cananga odorata). (n.d.). https://www.abs-biotrade.info/value-chains/ylang-ylang-cananga-odorata/ Admin. (2022, February 24). How Are Plants Important to Humans - Food, Fabrics, Medicines and Raw materials. BYJUS. https://byjus.com/biology/importance-of-plants-to-humans/ Afolabi, I. S., Nwachukwu, I. C., Ezeoke, C. S., Woke, R. C., Adegbite, O. A., Olawole, T. D., & Martins, O. C. (2018). Production of a New Plant-Based Milk from Adenanthera pavonina Seed and Evaluation of Its Nutritional and Health Benefits. Frontiers in Nutrition, 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2018.00009 Allen, O. N., & Allen, E. K. (1982). The Leguminosae: A Source Book of Characteristics, Uses, and nodulation. TAXON, 31(1), 133. https://doi.org/10.2307/1220602 Alzohairy, M. A. (n.d.). Therapeutics Role ofAzadirachta indica(Neem) and Their Active Constituents in Diseases Prevention and Treatment. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/7382506 Anisong, N., Siripongvutikorn, S., Wichienchot, S., & Puttarak, P. (2022). A comprehensive review on nutritional contents and functional properties of Gnetum gnemon Linn. Food Science and Technology, 42. https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.100121 Ariansyah, E. N., Pamoengkas, P., Fambayun, R. A., & Rachmat, H. H. (2020). GROWTH EVALUATION OF RED MERANTI SPECIES IN RESTORATION AREA OF GUNUNG DAHU RESEARCH FOREST, BOGOR. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan Dan Konservasi Alam, 17(2), 191–205. https://doi.org/10.20886/jphka.2020.17.2.191-205 Azadirachta indica: Barstow, M. & Deepu, S. (2018). [Dataset]. In IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. https://doi.org/10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-1.rlts.t61793521a61793525.en Benthall, A. P. (1933). The Trees of Calcutta and its neighbourhood. https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20057006454 Bhat, R., & Yahya, N. B. (2014). Evaluating belinjau (Gnetum gnemon L.) seed flour quality as a base for development of novel food products and food formulations. Food Chemistry, 156, 42–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.01.063 Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science. (n.d.). Plants of the World Online. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:72580-1 DOI Name 10.58471 values. (n.d.). https://doi.org/10.58471 Elevitch, C. R. (2006). Traditional trees of Pacific islands: Their Culture, Environment, and Use. PAR.

Thank you!

Fragrance and cosmetic Industry

• The oil from Ylang-Ylang is widely used in perfumery for oriental or floral themed perfumes, such us one of the prestige branded perfume, Chanel No. 5.
• It blends really well with most floral, fruit and wood scents
• Essential oil is one of an agro-industry export commodity that is potential to be a mainstay for Indonesia to earn foreign exchange.. Aromatherapy makes use of the essential oil. It can be found in different household products such as massage oils, moisturizing creams and even scented candles.

Other Uses

• The resin was traditionally used for making torch and now is used to produce paint, varnish, lacquer, cosmetic and in the pharmaceutical, dental and linoleum industries.
• It is also used as emulsifier and stabilizer for paint products and printing

Food and Culinary

• Seed flour showed appreciable levels of crude protein, carbohydrates and dietary fibre
• Gnetum nuts often boiled, roasted, or consume raw in most parts of Southeast Asia and Melanesia
• The seeds used for sour vegetable soup
• Also made into raw chips that later need to be deep-fried as crackers

Food and Nutritional Drinks

• A. pavonina seed extract is richer in protein and minerals but lower vitamins than extracts from soy beans seeds.
• The seed can be eaten raw or cooked.
• They can be roasted, shelled and then eaten with rice, easily digested and are enjoyed by children and adults alike.

Other Uses

• The seeds are scarlet red in color, shiny and are used to make necklaces.
• The beauty of the seeds has led to them being used as beads for jewelry.
• This tree is used for making soap, and a red dye can be obtained from the wood
• The bark is rich in saponins and can be used as a soap for washing clothes.
• It is also used as a hair shampoo
• They were formerly used to weigh gold, silver and diamonds, because they have a narrow range in weight

Agroforestry

A. pavonina is extensively cultivated as a valuable multipurpose agroforestry species which acts as a windbreak, a source of fodder, green manure, and for improving soil nitrogen content through its rhizobia associations

Lorem ipsum dolor

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit

• Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
• Consectetur adipiscing elit.
• Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut.
• Labore et dolore magna aliqua.

Agroforestry

• Rubber gardens managed as part of an agroforest system are known as rubber Agroforests.
• These gardens have emerged as a desirable substitute location for meranti growing due to the meranti's ability to enhance and advance production of timber
• Agroforestry system mixed with meranti planted among oil palm trees as a model for the development of oil palm plantations is environmentally feasible to develop

Medicinal Properties

• used in Ayurveda and Homoeopathic medicine and has become a part of modern medicine
• All parts of the neem tree which include leaves, flowers, seeds, fruits and bark have been used traditionally for the treatment of inflammation, infections, fever, skin diseases and dental disorders
• commonly used in body care such as shampoos for treating dandruff
• in soaps and creams for treating skin conditions such as acne, psoriasis and athlete’s foot

Agriculture

• used as an insect and mite repellent, insecticide and fungicide, by extracting the oil from seeds.
• One of the primary active ingredients is azadirachtin, works to disrupt the hormones involved with insect molting
• Neem-based pesticides generally have low toxicity for mammals and are common in organic farming applications

Timber Production

• The wood is utilized for devices and house bars.
• In Indonesia, the wood is utilized as paper mash and house development.
• In Malaysia and Hong Kong, the wood is utilized for paper, box and house development.
• The bast filaments are utilized to form cordage for angling lines, fishnets, and string packs.
• The fiber is durable in seawater and also utilized for a well-known melodic bowstring

Medicinal Uses

• Utilized as conventional home-grown medication against a variety of illnesses

• used in diarrhea and stomach hemorrhage and anti-inflammatory, in rheumatic affections, gout

• Antibacterial study of the plant extracts demonstrated that folk medicine can be as effective as modern medicine to combat pathogenic microorganisms

Medicinal Uses

• The leaves contain high protein, fiber and chlorophyll therefore this plant are very likely to have a significant positive effect for diabetes patients
• Belinjau leaves also contain flavonoid compounds, which is antioxidants.

Timber Production

• The wood of Adenanthera pavonina is hard and has been utilized for wood products as well as for bridge and household development (beams, posts, joists and rafters), flooring, paving blocks and vehicle bodies.
• It may too be suitable for furniture, cabinet work and turnery
• a well-known fuelwood within the Pacific Islands as the wood burns readily and produces significant sums of warm

Timber Production

• Due to its versatility in timber production such as making furniture, skirting, moldings, flooring, paneling, and many other items, this tree is commercially significant
• Meranti wood has many uses, such as plywood, furniture, construction, and boatbuilding, because of its durability, stability, and workability.
• It is widely harvested and exported from Southeast Asia, and it is moderately priced compared to other hardwoods

Medicinal Uses

• Cananga is also known as a medicinal plant. The leaves as a remedy for itch, dried flowers for malaria drugs, fresh flowers for aroma therapy, as well as the bark as a remedy for ulceration
• It is thought to be an aphrodisiac and help lower high blood pressure as well as restore normal sebum secretion in cases of skin irritation

Other Uses

• In Java and Bali, cananga traded by local residents as potpourri and sow flowers used in religious ceremonies.
• In the food industry, Ylan-Ylang is used in chewing gums and ice cream

Lorem ipsum dolor

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit

• Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
• Consectetur adipiscing elit.
• Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut.
• Labore et dolore magna aliqua.