Emmy Noether

“My algebraic methods are really methods of working and thinking; This is why they have crept in anonymously everywhereanonymously. ”Emmy Noether

EMMYNOETHER

BY EMMA PRECIADO VIZÁN 2ºD

EMMY NOETHER

1882-1935

biography

STUDIES AND CAREER During her childhood, Emmy loved dancing and music and therefore received piano lessons. Between 1889 and 1897 she went to the Höhere Töchter Schule where she studied German, French, English and arithmetic. In 1900, she got teacher's degrees of English and French. From 1903, she went to the University of Geöttingen as a listening student. In 1908, she was appointed member of the Palermu Mathematical Circle. Between 1908 and 1915 he worked at the Erlangen Mathematics Institute, but without salary or official appointment. In 1922, she was elected assistant professor and received a small salary. From 1928 to 1929, she was a professor at Moscow University. In 1930, she taught at the University of Frankfurt. In 1933, the Nazi government banned her from teaching throughout Germany.

BORN AND DEATH Emmy Noether was born on March 23, 1882 in Erlangen, Germany. And she died on April 14, 1935 in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, United States. FAMILY Emmy was the daughter of Max Noether, who was a specialist in algebraic geometry, and Ida Amalia Kaufmann that the daughter of a merchant. She was the eldest of four children in a Jewish family. His brother Alfred was awarded a doctorate in chemistry and his brother Fritz achieved academic achievements in applied mathematics.

DICOVERIES

She developed two very important theories:

NOETHER'S THEOREM These results changed the way we approach physics. This theorem establishes a relationship between the quantities that are conserved in a physical system and the thematic notion of symmetry. It was very important to understand elementary particle physics and quantum field theory that tries to relate symmetry to conserved quantities.

1916

CONSERVED QUANTITIES

SYMMETRY

Invariance of an object in the face of temporal translations, due to its symmetry

Energy conservation

Conservation of linear momentum

Invariance of an object in the face of spatial translations, due to its symmetry

Conservation of angular momentum

Invariance of an object before rotations, due to its symmetry

''The development of abstract algebra, which is one of the most important innovations in mathematics of the 20th century, is largely due to her - through her publications, classes and personal influence on her contemporaries.'' Nathan Jacobson

DICOVERIES

THE FORMULATION OF ABSTRACT ALGEBRA In addition her theorem, she kick started an entire discipline called abstract algebra. Without this new theory it would not have been possible to understand the advances of later mathematics. Noether's foundational work on algebra began in 1920. When she worked with W Schmeidler, she published an article on the theory of ideals in which she defined the ideals on the left and on the right in a ring. The following years she published an article that became a landmark, which was called Idealtheorie in Ringbereichen, analyzing the condition of the ascending chain regarding ideals. A notable algebraist, Irving Kaplansky, called his work "revolutionary," and its publication gave rise to the term Noetherian ring. Also other mathematical objects were renamed "Noetherian". In 1924, B. L. van der Waerden began working with Noether at the Göttingen University, who provided him with invaluable methods in abstract conceptualization. From 1926 to 1930 Pavel Alexandrov taught at the university. He and Noether quickly became good friends and both met regularly and enjoyed discussing the commonalities of algebra and topology.

CURIOSITIES

Einstein described her as the most brilliant woman in the entire history of Mathematics.

She was one of the first women to attend German universities.

Emmy was one of only two women, among 986 students at the university.

Emmy was a very good person, since she presented the work of a mathematician who died in the First Civil War, and sent it to a magazine signed by its author: Kurt Hentzel.

TRIBUTES

The Nöther crater on the far side of the Moon was named in her honor. The asteroid (7001) Noether is also named after Emmy Noether. The successor high school where she went in Erlangen has been renamed the Emmy Noether School. A street in Erlangen is named as her and her father (Emmy Noether and Max Noether)

Emmy Noether and Max Noether

CONCLUSION

Emmy Noether was one of the greatest mathematicians who ever existed in this world, but due to the lack of recognition of women's achievements in this field and in many others at that time, she didn't receive as much recognition as others did, such as Albert Einstein or Stephen Hawking. Despite all this, she created his own theorem and developed abstract algebra. All this has been a great advance for physics and mathematics. For example, in Emmy Nother's theory we can see how she was able to relate the symmetry of a system with the physical quantities that are conserved and forms a very important part when it we are going to thinking and solving physics problems in our day and affects us. a lot of things like glass, metals... In conclusion, Emmy Noether has given us a lot so that mathematics and physics continue to evolve.