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Totalitarisms

Edna Flores

Created on March 15, 2024

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Transcript

TOTALITARIanisms

TOTALITARIanism:

A type of government that takes total, centralized state control over every aspect of public and private life. Seeks to erase the line between governments and society.

CONTEXT

Harsh desperate economic situation

General discontent and frustration

Fear, insecurity and feeling of loneliness

Seek of order and change

LeaDERS

Provide a sense of security as they lead a "glorious state".

Create a sense of belonging = becoming a homogeneous mass

Create order from chaos

Promote a sense of completeness and fullness

Hunger of submission (Erich Fromm)

Other traits

Rejection to democracy and economic liberalism

Total control of the media (a single truth)

Appeal and promotion to nationalism

Based on alleged racial superiority

This type of government was stablished by:

Nazism germany

Francoistspain

STALINISMRUSIA

FASCISMItaly

BenitoMussolini

Adolf Hitler

FranciscoFranco

Joseph Stalin

FASCISM

"Everything within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state. " "The state is omnipresent, omnipotent, and omniscient."

Movement largely composed by ex-servicemen (WW1) called the black shirts who claimed to be a new political force to reach national unity between social classes. Nationalist Fascist Party They use of the Roman bundle of wooden rods as a sign of authority = symbolising strength in unity. King Victor Emmanuel III supported Benito Mussolini as a way to avoid civil war. The march on Rome in 1922 granted him the title Prime Minister. The catholic church eventually supported him. The system promoted catholisism as the only religion. OVRA - secret police structure

The state benefited from capitalism and designed detailed structure in the social system. Freedom was restrained and citizens had no right to vote.

NAZISM

Embraced ethnic nationalism = Aryan blood, people sharing history and connections with the land. Nazism’s roots lay in the tradition of Prussian militarism and discipline. It promoted expansion = Lebensraum Swastika “significant religious symbol of German remote ancestors. Resentment expressed towards the peace treaty. There was economic and political inestability in the new republic of Weimar. Paul Von Hindenburg made Hitler chancellor in 1934. The government supported selected private ownership (capitalism). It controlled all private business . Democracy was seen as a danger for the State.

MEIN KAFT Nuremberg Laws against jews

GESTAPO = Secret Police structure - use of working camps.

STALINISM

Joseph Stalin, Soviet Communist Party and state leader from 1929 until his death in 1953. He presenting himself as Lenin’s heir.

The hammer and sickle is a symbol meant to represent proletarian solidarity, a union between agricultural and industrial workers.

Great Purge - Stalin attacked anyone who he thought was working against him. NKVD - Secret police structure

Stalin made the Soviet Union a totalitarian society, where he implemented the five year plan = He concentrated industry and collectivized agriculture (gulags). Need is the basis of production. Promoted a state without a division of social classes. Everybody is equal.