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Learning Theories

Jonathan Woods

Created on March 14, 2024

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Transcript

References

LearningTheories

Constructivism

Cognitivism

Behaviorism

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Clark Hull
John Watson
B.F. Skinner

Major Theorists

Ivan Pavlov

Behaviorism

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Memory is not referenced as much as habits are. These habits are learned from the stimuli-response sequence. Not using the habit, or the response, is how a person forgets a memory. (Ertmer & Newby, 2008)

Role of Memory

  • Behavior is learned from environment
All information is learned from the environment where the student is placed
  • Behavior results from stimuli-response
Information is learned and received based on stimulus that effect the student (Mcleod, 2024)

Major Characteristics

  • Instructional Cues
  • Practice
  • Reinforcement
(Ertmer & Newby, 2008)

Occurs when a correct response is associated with the given stimulus. Reactive to the envirnoment, not active in learning. (Ertmer & Newby, 2008)

Types of Learning

How Learning Occurs

Behaviorism

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Descartes
William James
John Dewey

Major Theorists

Jean Piaget

Cognitivism

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Information is stored in a logical way for the learner. Memory is an imporant aspect. When the information cannot be recalled this is forgetting. (Ertmer & Newby, 2008)

Role of Memory

  • Learn from thinking instead of response
Information is thought through and not just a response from an outside stimuli
  • Active Learning
Information is applied and understood not just rote memorization (Main, 2022)

Major Characteristics

  • Chunking
  • Complex Ideas
  • Simplification & Standardization
(Ertmer & Newby, 2008)

Learner is actively engaged in learning. The information is not simply memorized. It is more important that the learner understands the conceptualization of the infromation. (Ertmer & Newby, 2008)

Types of Learning

How Learning Occurs

Cognitivism

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Lev Vygotsky
Jerome Bruner
Jean Piaget

Major Theorists

John Dewey

Constructivism

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Memory is not just the memorization of a fact of information, but the ability to understand and explain that information. (Ertmer & Newby, 2008)

Role of Memory

  • Discovery-based learning
Information is learned by building on previous knowledge
  • Active Learning
Information is applied and understood not just rote memorization. (National University, 2023)

Major Characteristics

  • Introductory
  • Advanced
  • Expert
(Ertmer & Newby, 2008)

Information is received actively and built from experiences by the learner. Knowledge is built from interpretations of the experiences. (Ertmer & Newby, 2008)

Types of Learning

How Learning Occurs

Constructivism

Ertmer, P. A., & Newby, T. J. (2008). Behaviorism, Cognitivism, Constructivism: Comparing Critical Features from an Instructional Design Perspective. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 6(4), 50–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1937-8327.1993.tb00605.x Main, P. (2022, December 9). Cognitivism Learning Theories: a Teachers Guide. Structural Learning. https://www.structural-learning.com/post/cognitivism-learning-theories Mcleod, S. (2024, February 1). Behaviorism in Psychology. Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/behaviorism.html National University. (2023, August 14). Constructivism in Education: What Is Constructivism? | NU. National University. https://www.nu.edu/blog/what-is-constructivism-in-education/

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References