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Learning Theories
Jonathan Woods
Created on March 14, 2024
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Transcript
References
LearningTheories
Constructivism
Cognitivism
Behaviorism
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Clark Hull
John Watson
B.F. Skinner
Major Theorists
Ivan Pavlov
Behaviorism
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Memory is not referenced as much as habits are. These habits are learned from the stimuli-response sequence. Not using the habit, or the response, is how a person forgets a memory. (Ertmer & Newby, 2008)
Role of Memory
- Behavior is learned from environment
- Behavior results from stimuli-response
Major Characteristics
- Instructional Cues
- Practice
- Reinforcement
Occurs when a correct response is associated with the given stimulus. Reactive to the envirnoment, not active in learning. (Ertmer & Newby, 2008)
Types of Learning
How Learning Occurs
Behaviorism
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Descartes
William James
John Dewey
Major Theorists
Jean Piaget
Cognitivism
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Information is stored in a logical way for the learner. Memory is an imporant aspect. When the information cannot be recalled this is forgetting. (Ertmer & Newby, 2008)
Role of Memory
- Learn from thinking instead of response
- Active Learning
Major Characteristics
- Chunking
- Complex Ideas
- Simplification & Standardization
Learner is actively engaged in learning. The information is not simply memorized. It is more important that the learner understands the conceptualization of the infromation. (Ertmer & Newby, 2008)
Types of Learning
How Learning Occurs
Cognitivism
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Lev Vygotsky
Jerome Bruner
Jean Piaget
Major Theorists
John Dewey
Constructivism
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Memory is not just the memorization of a fact of information, but the ability to understand and explain that information. (Ertmer & Newby, 2008)
Role of Memory
- Discovery-based learning
- Active Learning
Major Characteristics
- Introductory
- Advanced
- Expert
Information is received actively and built from experiences by the learner. Knowledge is built from interpretations of the experiences. (Ertmer & Newby, 2008)
Types of Learning
How Learning Occurs
Constructivism
Ertmer, P. A., & Newby, T. J. (2008). Behaviorism, Cognitivism, Constructivism: Comparing Critical Features from an Instructional Design Perspective. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 6(4), 50–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1937-8327.1993.tb00605.x Main, P. (2022, December 9). Cognitivism Learning Theories: a Teachers Guide. Structural Learning. https://www.structural-learning.com/post/cognitivism-learning-theories Mcleod, S. (2024, February 1). Behaviorism in Psychology. Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/behaviorism.html National University. (2023, August 14). Constructivism in Education: What Is Constructivism? | NU. National University. https://www.nu.edu/blog/what-is-constructivism-in-education/
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