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2n BTX - CONDITIONALS, WISHES AND REGTRETS

Institut Torre Roja

Created on March 13, 2024

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Transcript

CONDITIONALS, WISHES AND REGRETS

REVISION of conditionals

ZERO CONDITIONAL: general truth (result always happens)IF/UNLES... + present simple ... , ...present simple... FIRST CONDITIONAL: possible present/future, promises and warnings IF/UNLES... + present simple ... , ... will (not) + INF ... SECOND CONDITIONAL: imaginary situations IF/UNLES... + past simple ... , ... would (not)/could (not) + INF ... THIRD CONDITIONAL: hypothetical situations IF/UNLES... + past perfect ... , ... would (not) have/could (not) have + past participle

as long as, even if, provided that, unless

  • AS LONG AS: usually in 1st conditional sentences to mean BUT ONLY IF.
Ex. Covid-19 cases will continue to fall as long as we keep using masks.Ex. Covid-19 cases will continue to fall but only if we keep using masks.
  • PROVIDED THAT: usually in 1st conditional sentences to mean BUT ONLY IF.
Ex. Covid-19 cases will continue to fall provided that we keep using masks.Ex. Covid-19 cases will continue to fall but only if we keep using masks.
  • EVEN IF: instead of IF to show that the result will not be affected by the condition.
Ex. Women won't strike if their rights are improved. (only if rights aren't improved) Ex. Women will strike even if their rights are improved. (even improved or not)
  • UNLESS: to mean IF...NOT in negative conditional sentences.
Ex. We will fail the exam if we don't study. Ex. We will fail the exam unless we study.

USES:

conditionals & modals

CONDITIONAL CLAUSE + RESULT CLAUSE = USE OF COMMA Ex. If I go with you, I will spend a good time. RESULT CLAUSE + CONDITIONAL CLAUSE = NO USE OF COMMA Ex. I will spend a good time if I go with you.

the use of MODALS

1st conditional: if + (MODAL if necessary) + present simple, WILL/MIGHT/MAY/MUST/SHOULD/CAN + present simple 2nd conditional: if + (COULD if necessary) + past simple, WOULD/MIGHT/COULD + infinitive 3rd conditional: if + (COULD if necessary) + past perfect, WOULD/MAY/MIGHT/COULD + have + past participle

mixed conditionals

When to use mixed conditionals:

  • to imagine how a change in the past would have a result in the present.
IF + PAST PERFECT, WOULD + INFEx. If I had finished all my homework yesterdat, I would be able to go out with friends now.
  • to imagine how a different situation in the present would mean that the past was different too.
IF + PAST SIMPLE, WOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLEEx. If I didn't like pizza, I wouldn't have gone to the Italian restaurant yesterday.

wishes & regrets

When to use I wish / if only:

  • to express regret about the past: WISH/IF ONLY + PAST PERFECT
Ex. I wish/If only I hadn't voted for him.
  • to express desire for the present: WISH/IF ONLY + COULD
Ex. I wish/If only I could stand for election.
  • to express a dissatisfaction with what somebody is doing in the present (not used to talk about ourselves): WISH/IF ONLY + WOULD
Ex. I wish/If only he would stop making that noise.