Chemical and Physical Properties
Diane Ahmann
Created on March 11, 2024
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Chemical and Physical Properties
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Others...
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Chemical Properties
Reactivity
Pro tip: Ask yourself...
Flammability
What is a chemical property?
Chemical and Physical Properties
Physical Properties
Chemical Properties
Others...
Ductility
Conductivity
Luster
Density
Malleability
Hardness and Brittleness
Viscosity
Physical Properties
Pro tip: Ask yourself...
What is a Physical property?
Check for understanding
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DENSITY
Working with Density
What is density (con't)
Watch me...
Enter the passcode from the density module:
Enter the passcode (4 digits)
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Chemical and Physical Changes
Chemical Changes
Physical Changes
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Physical Changes
Pro tip!... KNOW THIS!!!
How do you know?
What is a physical change?
A few others...
Production of Gas
Production of smoke/fire
Change in temperature*
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Chemical Changes
Change in color*
Formation of a Precipitate
What is a chemical change?
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Chemical and Physical Properties
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Talc!
Diamonds!
The tendency of a material to shatter when hit
Brittleness:
Hardness:
A material's ability to resist being scratched
If one material is harder than another, it will scratch it!
- Diamonds scratch/cut glass
- Knifes scratch pots and pans
Somethings can be both, but others that are malleable will fall apart if you try to make it into a wire!
NOT the same as Malleable!
Ductility:
The ability to of a material to be pulled into wires
Ask yourself?
- What can I observe with my 5 senses?
- Does it change the original substance?
- Can it be measured without changing the substance
Bubbles or fizzing:
Usually indcates a change in temperature as well.
Examples:
- Baking soda & vinegar volcano
- Alka Seltzer tablet!
Heat is energy, energy has many forms!!!
Conductivity:
The ability of a material to allow heat to flow
- Materials with high conductivity (like metals) are called conductors.
- Good conductors of heat are usually also conductors of electricity.
Physical changes in color...
- Painting something:
- Disolving something: like kool-aid powder in water
An UNEXPECTED change in color...
Must be the result of a reaction!
Examples of Chemical changes in color...
- Oxidation: Rusting
- Patina: Copper
- Food Decomposition: An apple browing, etc...
- Leaves changing color... decomposition!
- Dyeing hair: Chemically changing the color of hair
Physical changes in temperature...
- Boiling, freezing, melting, etc...
- A heater
An UNEXPECTED change in temperature...
Must be the result of a reaction!
Examples of Chemical changes in temperature...
- Burning: Fire, candle wick, etc...
- Fireworks: Combustion!
- Cooking food
A few others...
- Photosynthesis - plants making food!
- Toxicity - if it makes living things sick or is deadly
- Combustion - Spontaneous fire... woot!
- Food cooking, digesting, or decomposing - Can't return it to it's original state! Molecules are forever changed!
A measure of how shiny or dull a substance is.
Luster: Oooo... shiny!
Play ME!
Reactivity:
The ability of a material to chemically react with another.
- Oxidation: Rusting
- Patina: Statue of liberty, pennies
- Food Decomposition
ASK YOURSELF:
- Does it react with something?
- Does it change the original substance?
DO THESE In your notes!
Watch the video if you can't remember how to use the triangle!
Density problems are solved using the density triangle!
What is Density?
Malleability:
The ability of a material to be bent or shaped
Think of a mallet! (although you don't need one)
- Paperclips
- Aluminum foil
- Gold
Can't return it to it's original state! Molecules are forever changed!
What is a chemical Change?
Chemical Changes occur when one substance reacts to another and forms ONE or MORE new substances
Karo Syrup... thick liquid!
Water... thin liquid!
HIGH temp! LOW temp!
Viscosity:
Measures a liquids ability to RESIST flowing
EX: Think of honey and water. Honey has a higher viscosity. It RESISTS flowing more than water because it is so thick.
- Thick liquid = HIGH viscocity, moves SLOW
- Thin liquid = LOW viscocity, moves FAST
- Viscosity increases as temperature decreases...
Phase changes are reversible! So...
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Complete this...
Key to problems on notes...
Ask yourself...
Is it the same substance? If yes... physical change If no... NOT physical change, but chemical!
1. If chocolate melts, is it still chocolate? YES (just a bit messy!)... physical! 2. If a pencil is snapped in half, is it still a pencil? YES... physical! 3. If a pencil is burned, is it still a pencil? NO... chemical! 4. If I bake a cake is it still a cake? NO... ALL cooking/baking is chemical!
Smoke or Fire:
There are a few more chemcial properties
Here are a few more worth noting:
- Toxicity- the ablity for a substance to be harmful to living things or the environment EX: mercury, lead
- Corrosivity - the ability to make something corode (break down) by coming into contact with it EX: sulfuric acid
- pH - the ability to produce hydronium!
- Neutralization - the ability to counteract an acid or a base
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Density
DO NOT click here until you have finished ALL of the other tabs on the PHISICAL PROPERTIES PAGE!
You will NOT be able to come back to this page.
Less dense More dense Donuts Bagels
Density...
is the ratio of an object's mass compared to its volume.
- Things that are more dense have more mass in the same amount of space/volume
- In liquids, objects with higher density than water (1g/ml) will sink and lower density will float.
- The formula for density is d=m/v Unit is g/(cm^3 ) or g/ml
It is NOT rain!
A precipitate:
A Solid that forms and separates (falls out) from TWO liquids combining during a chemical change.
Real Life Example! Cottage Cheese: Liquid milk is combined with liquid acetic acid forming the solid "curds" in cottage cheese!
In 1953 a law was passed requiring children's pajamas and mattresses be treated with flame retardant before going to market so they would be less flammable.
Flammability
The ability of a material to burn in the presence of oxygen.
Examples:
- Gasoline
- Natural Gas
- Children's clothing*
What is a Physical Property?
A Physical Property is any characteristic of material that can be observed or measured WITHOUT changing its composition. They describe the appearance or behavior of a substance
- Shape, size, texture, etc...
- State of matter
- Mass, volume, temp, etc...
Formation of a Precipitate
What is a chemical Property?
A Chemical Property is a characteristic of material that has the ability to change the composition of matter. It happens when the original substance is changed into a different substance.
- Can be a change in size, shape, texture, form, etc...
- Usually, reversible, meaning it can return it to it's original state!
- Examples:
- Painting a fence, cutting hair, sharpening a pencil, etc...
What is a Physical Change?
A Physical Change results from a change in one or more property, but not a change in substance.
There are tons of physical properties
Here are a few more worth noting:
- Solubility - the ablity for a substance to dissolve in another
- Odor, color, texture, shape, temperature
- Melting, boiling points