Group 4 Presentation

GROUP 4

topic outline

1.1 Proteins in Plasma Membrane

1.2 Prokaryotic Plasma Membrane

1.3 Eukaryotic Plasma Membrane

Proteins in a plasma membrane

Topic 1.1

Plasma Membrane

>The cell membrane is otherwise known as the Plasma membrane. >Is found in all cells and separates the interior from the outside environment.

The plasma membrane structure consists of Phospholipid, Cholesterol, Protein Structure, and Carbohydrates.

'Proteins in the Plasma membrane>The proteins in the plasma membrane transport materials into and out of the cell. >There are two main types of proteins:

two main types of proteins:

Integral proteins Peripheral proteins

Integral Proteins

>Integral or "transmembrane proteins" that go all the way through the bilayer. It controls what enters and exits the Cell.

2 types of Integral Proteins

Polytropic Proteins >Attach to both sides of the Membrane. Monoprotic Proteins >Can only attach to one side of the Membrane.

Peripheral Proteins

>Are proteins that are found temporarily attached to the cell, and sometimes to the Integral proteins.

Examples of protein membranes

Globular proteins = found in cell membranes act as transport channels for ions and other molecules. They form a conduit for the molecules that cannot simply diffuse through the lipid bilayer membrane. Alpha-Helix Proteins = are one of the most common secondary structure motifs found in proteins.

Examples of protein membranes

Channel proteins = are proteins that allow the transport of specific substances across a cell membrane.Glycoproteins = often function in cell-to-cell adhesion, which is the ability of a single cell to stick to another cell.

The three common forms in integral membrane proteins, such as, αhelix protein, α-helical protein, and β-sheet protein.

Functions of Membrane Proteins:

Junctions – serve to connect and join two cells together.Enzymes - carry out chemical reactions - speed up the change of substances into other substances. Transport/channel – responsible for facilitated diffusion and active transport. Recognition – a glycoprotein acting as an identity marker distinguishing the body's own cells from foreign cells.

Functions of Membrane Proteins:

Anchorage – attachment points for cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix. Transduction/receptor – a receptor that binds to chemical messengers such as hormones or immune mediators sent by other cells - are specific and selective for the molecules they bind - receive extracellular inputs and activate an intracellular response.

prokaryotic and eukaryotic plasma membrane

All cells fall into one of these two broad categories: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic Cells

>Single-celled organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea are classified as prokaryotes, pro means “before” and kary means “nucleus”.

Prokaryotic Cells

>Prokaryotic cells do not have any membrane-bound organelles and are always part of unicellular organisms (single-celled organisms).

Parts of Prokaryotic Cells

Nucleoid: A central region of the cell that contains its DNA. Ribosome: Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.

Parts of Prokaryotic Cells

Cell wall: The cell wall provides structure and protection from the outside environment. Most bacteria have a rigid cell wall made from carbohydrates and proteins called peptidoglycans.

Parts of Prokaryotic Cells

Plasma Membrane: Every prokaryote has a cell membrane, also known as the cell membrane, that separates the cell from the outside environment. Capsule: Some bacteria have a layer of carbohydrates that surrounds the cell wall called the capsule. The capsule helps the bacterium attach to surfaces.

Parts of Prokaryotic Cells

Fimbriae: Fimbriae are thin, hair-like structures that help with cellular attachment. Pili: Pili are rod-shaped structures involved in multiple roles, including attachment and DNA transfer. Flagella: Flagella are thin, tail-like structures that assist in movement.

Eukaryotic Cells

>Animals, plants, fungi, and protists are all eukaryotes—eu means “true”—and are made up of eukaryotic cells.

Eukaryotic Cells

>Eukaryotic cells are cells containing membrane-bound organelles and are the basis for both unicellular and multicellular organisms.

Parts of Eukaryotic Cells

Nucleus: The nucleus stores the genetic information in chromatin form. Nucleolus: Found inside of the nucleus, the nucleolus is the part of eukaryotic cells where ribosomal RNA is produced. Plasma membrane: The plasma membrane is a phospholipid bilayer that surrounds the entire cell and encompasses the organelles within.

Parts of Eukaryotic Cells

Cell wall: The cytoskeleton or cell wall provides structure, allows for cell movement, and plays a role in cell division. Ribosomes: Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis. Mitochondria: Mitochondria, also known as the powerhouses of the cell, are responsible for energy production.

Parts of Eukaryotic Cells

Cytoplasm: The cytoplasm is the region of the cell between the nuclear envelope and plasma membrane. Cytosol: Cytosol is a gel-like substance within the cell that contains the organelles. Endoplasmic reticulum: The endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle dedicated to protein maturation and transportation.

Parts of Eukaryotic Cells

Vesicles and vacuoles: Vesicles and vacuoles are membrane-bound sacs involved in transportation and storage.

The main difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells Plasma Membrane is the Membrane-Bound Organelles.

Membrane-Bound Organelles

>Organelles that are attached to the plasma membrane of the cell. >This membrane allows the specialized organelle to isolate certain chemical reactions and processes while regulating what substances enter and leave the organelle.

Membrane-Bound Organelles

>Nucleus DNA Storage >Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) Lipid production; Detoxification >Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) Protein production; in particular for export out of the cell

Membrane-Bound Organelles

>Golgi Apparatus Protein modification and export >Vacuoles (Animal Cell) Handle waste products (Plant Cell) Storage and transport, intracellular environmental stability, and response to injury

Membrane-Bound Organelles

>Mitochondria Energy production >Lysosomes (Animal Cell only) Digestive system of the cell >Chloroplasts (Plant Cell only) produce energy through photosynthesis and oxygen-release processes, which sustain plant growth and crop yield.

Prokaryotic Plasma Membrane

>Prokaryotic cells have a plasma membrane just like Eukaryotic cells, but they lack membrane-bound organelles. The absence of a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles differentiates prokaryotes from eukaryotes. >More primitive and smaller in size compared to Eukaryotic cells.

Eukaryotic Plasma Membrane

>Eukaryotic Cells have a Nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. >More complex and larger compared to Prokaryotic Cells.

members

Audrey romanoGabriel cona Ikene Ong jarius bolivar mary chris lingo topee elbina

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Con las plantillas de Genially podrás incluir recursos visuales para dejar a tu audiencia con la boca abierta. También destacar alguna frase o dato concreto que se quede grabado a fuego en la memoria de tu público e incluso embeber contenido externo que sorprenda: vídeos, fotos, audios... ¡Lo que tú quieras!

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With Genially templates, you can include visual resources to leave your audience speechless. You can also highlight specific phrases or data that will be ingrained in your audience's memory, and even embed external content that will surprise: videos, photos, audios... Whatever you want! Do you need more reasons to create dynamic content? Well: 90% of the information we assimilate comes to us through sight, and we retain 42% more information when the content is moving.