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Created on February 28, 2024

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Rania and Marie present :

the special effects in the film industry

start

Introduction

WHat does "special effects" mean ?

Digital form ?

Analogue form ?

Special effets ?

Mechanical effects

Optical effects

Types of special effects

Mechanical effects

Optical effects

IN CAMERA EFFECTS
GREEN SCREEN
POST-PRODUCTION

REAL WORLD EFFECTS
CREATED PHYSICALLY ON SET
MECHANICAL: EXPOLSION, MINIATURES, PUPPETS, ATMOSPHERIC EFFECTS

Part 1

I. The history of special effects

from experimentation to revolution

An old interest...

The first attempts in special effects making were known as "substitution splice or stop trick
The special effects started to interest directors in the early 1900's.

1857 : Oscar Rejlander

- created the world's first "special effects" image - the first negative (Musée d'Orsay, Paris) - use of albumen salted paper

- made the albumen print popular

1895 : Alfred Clark

the first ever motion-picture special effect

With his movie "Queen Mary of scots beheading reenactment"

For centuries...

Techniques like these would dominate the production of special effects.

Georges Méliès

- Filmmaker - Produced over 400 movies in 13 Years - Specialized in extreme body transformation - Considered the father of "Special Effects"

1902: A Trip to the Moon

Color in the Movie: - Méliès hired people to color each frame - adds more depth & movement - more creative freedom

- Developed a new style of special effects- Stop motion animation- Jump cuts - Cross dissolves

The Lumiere Brothers

They were one of the first studio launching their own special effects department. 1930 : many studios followed that path

+ notable movies : The great train robbery, the great rarebit fiend

Timeline

1857

Oscar Rejlander with the first negative

1895

Alfred Clark: Queen Mary of scots beheading reenactment

1902

George Melies : A trip to the Moon

Huge success of the movie "King Kong", experimentation of SFX...

1933

1960

Birth of animatronics and puppets

1980/1990

The CGI Revolution

Part 2

II. The Digital Revolution

and how it impacted the film industry forever

The different artistic forms the digital revolution created...

CGI

SFX

VFX

Computer-Generated Image

Special Effects (post-production)

Visual Effects

The CGI : a revolution for the film industry

WHAT is the Cgi ?

The process of using computers to create pictures or characters in film and television

Westworld : 1ST movie to really use CGI

First experimentation in the 80’s : by Industrial Light and Magic (founded by George Lucas)

Disney : an important role in the CGI development

wHERE THE WILD THINGS ARE (1986)

TRON (1982)

tHE DISNEY RENAISSANCE (1989-2000)

2006 : PURCHASE OF PIXAR

James Cameron : the pioneer of CGI

Born in 1954 in Ontario, Canada, James Cameron made himself known by directing movies such as Avatar (2009), Alien (1986) ...

The VFX : a new era for filmmaking

“Instead of having to translate analogue film into digital formats for editing, now everything was digital from the start”

https://ohiostate.pressbooks.pub/introfilm/chapter/special-effects-and-the-digital-age/

What are VFX ?

Abbreviation for visual effects: images in a film or entertainment that are created using computers or models, and that can be mixed with live action (= action recorded using real people, animals, vehicles, places, etc.)
Made popular in the 1990's, it quickly became a common use in Hollywood's movies

1999 : a good year for VFX

The matrix, Lana Wachowski , Lilly Wachowski

"Some of the most iconic visual effects in The Matrix franchise are Agent Smith's (Hugo Weaving) face-morphing transformations, the computer-code-inspired "Matrix Vision", and the "Bullet Time" shots" (https://screenrant.com/matrix-slow-motion-freeze-bullet-time-effects-how)

Fight club, DAvid Fincher

"1) Camera flashes past city streets to survey Project Mayhem's destructive equipment lying in underground parking lots; the sequence was a three-dimensional composition of nearly 100 photographs of Los Angeles and Century City by photographer Michael Douglas Middleton." (https://computeranimationhistory-cgi.jimdofree.com/fight-club-1999)

George Lucas' project (1999)

Nowadays : almost 100%

1999 : 93% theatres converted to digital

What has been lost and gained in the digitisation process?

negative aspects

Benefits

Community
Less "creativity"
Charm

High quality
Vast creative freedom
Digital editing is less costly

https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/a/albumen-print#:~:text=The%20process%20involves%20coating%20a,silver%20salts%20on%20the%20paper.Bulleted list
https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/28574
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Georges-Melies
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Georges-Melies
https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/le_voyage_dans_la_lune
https://www.vfxvoice.com/a-trip-to-the-moon/#:~:text=Moviegoers%20were%20astonished%20at%20the,%2Ddissolves%3B%20and%20jump%20cuts.
https://www.britannica.com/art/history-of-the-motion-picture/The-Hollywood-studio-system
https://todaycaught.com/the-evolution-of-special-effects-in-movies/
https://todaycaught.com/the-evolution-of-special-effects-in-movies/
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/computer-generated-imagery
https://computeranimationhistory-cgi.jimdofree.com/westworld-1973/

References

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/analogue#google_vignetteUt wisi enim ad minim veniam, nostrud exerci tatio
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/fr/dictionnaire/anglais/digitalDio dignissim qui blandit praesent luptatum delenit
https://www.masterclass.com/articles/special-effects
https://www.masterclass.com/articles/special-effects
https://www.masterclass.com/articles/special-effects
https://blog.scienceandmediamuseum.org.uk/oscar-gustav-rejlander-pioneered-combination-printing/
https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/28574
https://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/artworks/first-negative-164048
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/vfx
https://ohiostate.pressbooks.pub/introfilm/chapter/special-effects-and-the-digital-age/