Rania and Marie present :
the special effects in the film industry
start
Introduction
WHat does "special effects" mean ?
Digital form ?
Analogue form ?
Special effets ?
Mechanical effects
Optical effects
Types of special effects
Mechanical effects
Optical effects
- IN CAMERA EFFECTS
- GREEN SCREEN
- POST-PRODUCTION
- REAL WORLD EFFECTS
- CREATED PHYSICALLY ON SET
- MECHANICAL: EXPOLSION, MINIATURES, PUPPETS, ATMOSPHERIC EFFECTS
Part 1
I. The history of special effects
from experimentation to revolution
An old interest...
- The first attempts in special effects making were known as "substitution splice or stop trick
- The special effects started to interest directors in the early 1900's.
1857 : Oscar Rejlander
- created the world's first "special effects" image - the first negative (Musée d'Orsay, Paris) - use of albumen salted paper
- made the albumen print popular
1895 : Alfred Clark
the first ever motion-picture special effect
With his movie "Queen Mary of scots beheading reenactment"
For centuries...
Techniques like these would dominate the production of special effects.
Georges Méliès
- Filmmaker - Produced over 400 movies in 13 Years - Specialized in extreme body transformation - Considered the father of "Special Effects"
1902: A Trip to the Moon
Color in the Movie: - Méliès hired people to color each frame - adds more depth & movement - more creative freedom
- Developed a new style of special effects- Stop motion animation- Jump cuts - Cross dissolves
The Lumiere Brothers
They were one of the first studio launching their own special effects department. 1930 : many studios followed that path
+ notable movies : The great train robbery, the great rarebit fiend
Timeline
1857
Oscar Rejlander with the first negative
1895
Alfred Clark: Queen Mary of scots beheading reenactment
1902
George Melies : A trip to the Moon
Huge success of the movie "King Kong", experimentation of SFX...
1933
1960
Birth of animatronics and puppets
1980/1990
The CGI Revolution
Part 2
II. The Digital Revolution
and how it impacted the film industry forever
The different artistic forms the digital revolution created...
CGI
SFX
VFX
Computer-Generated Image
Special Effects (post-production)
Visual Effects
The CGI : a revolution for the film industry
WHAT is the Cgi ?
- The process of using computers to create pictures or characters in film and television
- Westworld : 1ST movie to really use CGI
- First experimentation in the 80’s : by Industrial Light and Magic (founded by George Lucas)
Disney : an important role in the CGI development
wHERE THE WILD THINGS ARE (1986)
TRON (1982)
tHE DISNEY RENAISSANCE (1989-2000)
2006 : PURCHASE OF PIXAR
James Cameron : the pioneer of CGI
Born in 1954 in Ontario, Canada, James Cameron made himself known by directing movies such as Avatar (2009), Alien (1986) ...
The VFX : a new era for filmmaking
“Instead of having to translate analogue film into digital formats for editing, now everything was digital from the start”
https://ohiostate.pressbooks.pub/introfilm/chapter/special-effects-and-the-digital-age/
What are VFX ?
- Abbreviation for visual effects: images in a film or entertainment that are created using computers or models, and that can be mixed with live action (= action recorded using real people, animals, vehicles, places, etc.)
- Made popular in the 1990's, it quickly became a common use in Hollywood's movies
1999 : a good year for VFX
The matrix, Lana Wachowski , Lilly Wachowski
"Some of the most iconic visual effects in The Matrix franchise are Agent Smith's (Hugo Weaving) face-morphing transformations, the computer-code-inspired "Matrix Vision", and the "Bullet Time" shots" (https://screenrant.com/matrix-slow-motion-freeze-bullet-time-effects-how)
Fight club, DAvid Fincher
"1) Camera flashes past city streets to survey Project Mayhem's destructive equipment lying in underground parking lots; the sequence was a three-dimensional composition of nearly 100 photographs of Los Angeles and Century City by photographer Michael Douglas Middleton." (https://computeranimationhistory-cgi.jimdofree.com/fight-club-1999)
George Lucas' project (1999)
Nowadays : almost 100%
1999 : 93% theatres converted to digital
What has been lost and gained in the digitisation process?
negative aspects
Benefits
- Community
- Less "creativity"
- Charm
VS
- High quality
- Vast creative freedom
- Digital editing is less costly
- https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/a/albumen-print#:~:text=The%20process%20involves%20coating%20a,silver%20salts%20on%20the%20paper.Bulleted list
- https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/28574
- https://www.britannica.com/biography/Georges-Melies
- https://www.britannica.com/biography/Georges-Melies
- https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/le_voyage_dans_la_lune
- https://www.vfxvoice.com/a-trip-to-the-moon/#:~:text=Moviegoers%20were%20astonished%20at%20the,%2Ddissolves%3B%20and%20jump%20cuts.
- https://www.britannica.com/art/history-of-the-motion-picture/The-Hollywood-studio-system
- https://todaycaught.com/the-evolution-of-special-effects-in-movies/
- https://todaycaught.com/the-evolution-of-special-effects-in-movies/
- https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/computer-generated-imagery
- https://computeranimationhistory-cgi.jimdofree.com/westworld-1973/
References
- https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/analogue#google_vignetteUt wisi enim ad minim veniam, nostrud exerci tatio
- https://dictionary.cambridge.org/fr/dictionnaire/anglais/digitalDio dignissim qui blandit praesent luptatum delenit
- https://www.masterclass.com/articles/special-effects
- https://www.masterclass.com/articles/special-effects
- https://www.masterclass.com/articles/special-effects
- https://blog.scienceandmediamuseum.org.uk/oscar-gustav-rejlander-pioneered-combination-printing/
- https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/28574
- https://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/artworks/first-negative-164048
- https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/vfx
- https://ohiostate.pressbooks.pub/introfilm/chapter/special-effects-and-the-digital-age/
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Transcript
Rania and Marie present :
the special effects in the film industry
start
Introduction
WHat does "special effects" mean ?
Digital form ?
Analogue form ?
Special effets ?
Mechanical effects
Optical effects
Types of special effects
Mechanical effects
Optical effects
Part 1
I. The history of special effects
from experimentation to revolution
An old interest...
1857 : Oscar Rejlander
- created the world's first "special effects" image - the first negative (Musée d'Orsay, Paris) - use of albumen salted paper
- made the albumen print popular
1895 : Alfred Clark
the first ever motion-picture special effect
With his movie "Queen Mary of scots beheading reenactment"
For centuries...
Techniques like these would dominate the production of special effects.
Georges Méliès
- Filmmaker - Produced over 400 movies in 13 Years - Specialized in extreme body transformation - Considered the father of "Special Effects"
1902: A Trip to the Moon
Color in the Movie: - Méliès hired people to color each frame - adds more depth & movement - more creative freedom
- Developed a new style of special effects- Stop motion animation- Jump cuts - Cross dissolves
The Lumiere Brothers
They were one of the first studio launching their own special effects department. 1930 : many studios followed that path
+ notable movies : The great train robbery, the great rarebit fiend
Timeline
1857
Oscar Rejlander with the first negative
1895
Alfred Clark: Queen Mary of scots beheading reenactment
1902
George Melies : A trip to the Moon
Huge success of the movie "King Kong", experimentation of SFX...
1933
1960
Birth of animatronics and puppets
1980/1990
The CGI Revolution
Part 2
II. The Digital Revolution
and how it impacted the film industry forever
The different artistic forms the digital revolution created...
CGI
SFX
VFX
Computer-Generated Image
Special Effects (post-production)
Visual Effects
The CGI : a revolution for the film industry
WHAT is the Cgi ?
Disney : an important role in the CGI development
wHERE THE WILD THINGS ARE (1986)
TRON (1982)
tHE DISNEY RENAISSANCE (1989-2000)
2006 : PURCHASE OF PIXAR
James Cameron : the pioneer of CGI
Born in 1954 in Ontario, Canada, James Cameron made himself known by directing movies such as Avatar (2009), Alien (1986) ...
The VFX : a new era for filmmaking
“Instead of having to translate analogue film into digital formats for editing, now everything was digital from the start”
https://ohiostate.pressbooks.pub/introfilm/chapter/special-effects-and-the-digital-age/
What are VFX ?
1999 : a good year for VFX
The matrix, Lana Wachowski , Lilly Wachowski
"Some of the most iconic visual effects in The Matrix franchise are Agent Smith's (Hugo Weaving) face-morphing transformations, the computer-code-inspired "Matrix Vision", and the "Bullet Time" shots" (https://screenrant.com/matrix-slow-motion-freeze-bullet-time-effects-how)
Fight club, DAvid Fincher
"1) Camera flashes past city streets to survey Project Mayhem's destructive equipment lying in underground parking lots; the sequence was a three-dimensional composition of nearly 100 photographs of Los Angeles and Century City by photographer Michael Douglas Middleton." (https://computeranimationhistory-cgi.jimdofree.com/fight-club-1999)
George Lucas' project (1999)
Nowadays : almost 100%
1999 : 93% theatres converted to digital
What has been lost and gained in the digitisation process?
negative aspects
Benefits
VS
References
Got an idea?
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