Past perfect

Past Perfect

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We can use it when ...

• An action finished before another past action.
• An action happened before a specific time in the past.
• An action started in the past and continued up to a given time in the past.
• Emphasize the result of an activity in the past.

Past Perfect

Past

Future

Present

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Formulas:

Subject + had + Past Participle + complement.

Subject + had + not + Past Participle + complement.

Had + subject + Past Participle + complement + ?

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Examples:

She realized she had forgotten her keys after she had left the house. By the time they reached the airport, the flight hadn't already departed. Had the team completed the project before the deadline?

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Time expressions

• Osvaldo couldn't watch the movie because he had already seen it twice.
• Daniela hadn't eaten yet when we arrived at the restaurant.
• Andrea and Leslie had lived in the city for five years before moving to the countryside.
• It had been raining since morning when Hugo and Alejandro finally decided to go outside.
• Aaron had just finished his homework when the power went out.
• Lilian realized she had forgotten her back after she had left the house.
• Jessica had studied for hours before the exam.

• Already
• Yet
• For
• Since
• Just
• After
• Before

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Past perfect vs present perfect

• Focuses on events that recently started or started in the past but are still ongoing in the present.

• Centers around actions that are set and done in the past.

After I had finished my homework , I have been relaxing with a cup of coffee.

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Do

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Forget

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think

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speak

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live

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have

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Got

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Eat

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