What's the earth made of?

WHAT'S THE EARTH MADE OF?

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THE LAYERS OF THE EARTH

A rock is a natural occuring solid substance that is normally made of minerals. Some rocks are made of only one mineral. Others are made of several minerals combined, that are either tightly compacted or held together by a cementlike mineral matrix. By figuring out what minerals are in a rock and understanding how are they formed, geologist place rocks into one of these three groups: igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary.

WHAT ARE ROCKS?

Three types of rocks depending on how are they formed:

METAMORPHIC

SEDIMENTARY

IGNEOUS

Formed by melting to molton rocks ( magma or lava) then cooling. Can be:

Formed by weathering and erosion of rock fragments, seashells and chemicals are compressed in layers and hardened. Compaction and cementation.

Form when other rocks are changed by heat, pressure and chemical action.

1. Intrusive: form inside or under the earth surface and cooled over time.
2. Extrusive: form when molten rock reaches the Earth's surface and cools.

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WHAT ARE MINERALS?

A mineral is a naturally occurring inorganid solid with a defined crystal structure and chemical composition.

• Occurs in nature.
• Inorganic.
• Solid.
• Has a chemical formula.
• Has a crystal structure.

Minerals are formed anywhere, formation of minerals chiefly depends on Physical and Chemical conditions in their surviving enviroments.

PROPERTIES OF THE MINERALS

https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/properties/

HARDNESS: ability to resist being scratched

CLEAVAGE: the way a mineral breaks along flat surfaces.

COLOR: a property that can help identify a mineral.

LUSTER: surface of a mineral reflects light.

FRACTURE: is the tendency of a mineral to break into irregular pieces.

STREAK: color of the mineral powder.

MOHS HARDNESS SCALE: is a qualitative ordinary scratch, from 1 to 10, characterizing scratch resistance of minerals through the ability of harder material to scratch softer material.

WHO IS MOHS?

Friedrich Mohs, a German mineralogist and geologist, was born January, 29, 1773. In 1812 Mohs become professor and curator at the Joanneum Museum in Graz, Austria, where he worked out his famous hardness scale of minerals.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ROCKS AND MINERALS

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TASK 1

You have to make an individual presentation about the subject: rocks and minerals. You can do it with google presentations, canva, ... or in your notebook by hand.

TASK 2

Now that you have worked on your individual persentation, you have to create a Kahoot to move on to the other 5th class. You are going to work in group of 4. Kahoot of 10 to 20 questions.

CHECKLIST1.- The layers of the earth ( if they do it with an app, they have to do it by hand, make a screenshot, upload it to the classroom and post it there.) 2.- What are rocks? 3.- What are minerals? 4.- Differences between rocks and minerals. 5.- How are rocks formed? 3 types: a) Sedimentary rocks. Give 3 examples. b) Igneous rocks. Give 3 examples. c) Metamorphic rocks. Give 3 examples. 6.- The rock cycle. ( if they do it with an app, they have to do it by hand, make a screenshot, upload it to the classroom and post it there.) 7.- How do we identify minerals? Properties of the minerals. 8.- Mohs scale of mineral hardness. 9.- Who is Mohs?