eukaryotic celll

EUKARYOTIC CELL

Jose Miguel Condor and Sebastián Campoverde

EUKARYOTIC CELL: WHAT IS IT?

The eukaryotic cell is characterized by having DNA surrounded by a cell membrane. There are unicellular organisms made up of a single eukaryotic cell and other multicellular organisms made up of many, such as animals, plants, and fungi.

EUKARYOTIC CELL:

Parts:

STRUCTURE OF THE EUKARYOTIC CELL

THE CYTOPLASM: It is the internal space of the cell. It contains the different organelles

PLASMA MEMBRANE: Is a thin layer that surrounds and protects the cell, regulates the exit and entry of substances, and where structures that allow the cell movement can be found, such as cilia and flagella.

THE NUCLEUS: Membrane that surrounds the genetic material (DNA). The DNA is organized in structures called chromosomes.

ORGANELLES

LYSOSOMES They decompose substances by transforming them into simpler ones.

RIBOSOMESThey synthesize the proteins.

CHLOROPLASTS They carry out photosynthesis in the plant cell

MITOCHONDRIAThey are responsible for obtaining energy

TYPES OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS

ANIMAL Animal cells are what make animals, including us, humans. They have characteristics of eukaryotic cells, that is, they have a nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus... These are the differences with respect to the vegetable: Centrioles: involved in cell division and the formation of cilia and flagella.

VEGETABLE Plant cells are what form plants and algae. They have characteristics of eukaryotic cells, that is, they have a nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus. But they have some differences with respect to the animal cell: Chloroplasts: for photosynthesis Vacuoles: to store liquids Cell wall: protects and shapes Wall

EUKARYOTIC CELL CYCLE

The cycle of most eukaryotic cells is divided into four discrete phases: M, G1, S, and G2. The M phase (mitosis) is usually followed by cytokinesis. The S phase is the period during which DNA replication occurs.

It Is Divided Into Two Stages

M phase

Interface

Non-division state. It is the period between mitosis. The longest phase of the cell cycle.

Division status

Interface

G2

G1

First phase of the cell cycle. • There is cell growth with protein and RNA synthesis. • It is the period that passes between the end of mitosis and the beginning of DNA synthesis.

Second phase of the cycle . • DNA replication or synthesis occurs, as a result each chromosome is duplicated and is formed by two identical chromatids. • With DNA duplication, the nucleus contains twice as many nuclear proteins and DNA as it did at the beginning.

Third growth phase of the cell cycle. • Protein and RNA synthesis continues. • At the end of this period, changes in cell structure are observed under the microscope, which indicate the beginning of cell division. •It ends when the chromatin begins to condense at the beginning of mitosis.

M Phase (mitosis meiosis)

• It is a cell division in which a progenitor cell (eukaryotic cells, somatic cells - common cells of the body) divides into two identical daughter cells. • This phase includes mitosis, in turn divided into: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase; and cytokinesis, which begins already in the mitotic telophase. • If the entire cycle lasted 24 hours, the M phase would last about 30 minutes

Questions to students

What is a eukaryotic cell? How are eukaryotic cells different from prokaryotic cells? Do eukaryotic cells have DNA? What are the main organelles of a eukaryotic cell?

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Sourav. (2023). Célula eucariota: definición, estructura, funciones, ejemplos. https://microbiologynote.com. https://microbiologynote.com/es/c%C3%A9lula-eucariota/

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