Neuro localization Dog

Block different sections of the dog and learn what happens to him

Lower Motor Neurons

Brainstem

Decreased mentation CN deficits -Midbrain: III-IV -Pons: V -Medulla oblongata: VI-XII Usually some CN VIII involvement Vestibular or proprioceptive ataxia-if ambulatory-may seem cerebellarTetraparesis Proprioceptive deficits

Forebrain

Seizures!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Cerebrum: CN I Diencephalon: CNII Circling (towards lesion) Compulsion Behavior changes Blindness Postural deficits Normal gait

Cerebellum

Head Tilt Nystagmus Loss of menace Intention tremors Truncal sway Ataxia Hypermetria "Spastic"

They do NOT have: -Paresis -Behavior changes -CP deficits

Lower Motor Neuron

Paresis-Decreased muscle tone all over!NO Ataxia +/- ambulatory +/- CN weakness (Facial, Gag) NO Pain Reflexes: ↓ to absent-Panniculus may or may not be affectedExcerise Intolerance Postural reactions: N to ↓

L4-S3

Only pelvic limbs affected (LMN)

Paraparesis-Decreased PL tonePL ataxia +/- ambulatory +/- Pain Reflexes: -TL: N -PL: ↓ to absent -+/- panniculus cut off -Anal tone? -Perineal reflex? -Tail sensation?Postural reactions in PL:N to ↓ to absent

T3-L3

Only pelvic limbs affected

Paraparesis-increased PL tonePL ataxia +/- ambulatory +/- Kyphosis (hunched back) +/- Pain Reflexes: -TL: N -PL: N to ↑ -+/- panniculus cut offPostural reactions in PL: ↓ to absent

C6-T2

Affects all 4 Limbs Thoracic (LMN) different to pelvic (UMN) limbs

TetraparesisAtaxia +/- ambulatory (knuckiling, stumbling, face-planting, Two engine gait) +/- Muscle fasiculations +/- Pain Reflexes: -TL: N to ↓-PL: N to ↑ Postural reactions in all 4 limbs: ↓ to absent

C1-C5

Affects all 4 Limbs

TetraparesisAtaxia (TL signs more subtle than PL) +/- ambulatory (knuckiling, stumbling, face-planting) +/- Muscle fasiculations +/- Pain Reflexes: N to ↑ in all limbs Postural reactions in all 4 limbs: ↓ to absent