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IENTACULUM

Marta Carotenuto

Created on February 23, 2024

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Transcript

THE MEALS OF THE ANCIENT ROMANS: THE BREAKFAST

Peintre pompéien , environ 63/79 après J.-C. Fresque détachée de la "Maison de Julia Felix" à Pompéi.

Marta Carotenuto

The meal with which the Roman sometimes began the day was the jentaculum, which was a very light and digestible meal ( ), in the words of Pliny the Elder. Next followed the prandium, which was also a frugal meal, as Horace describes it : (Satires, book II), agreeably with Seneca's account : (Epistulae, 84). So we can say that prandium was a hasty meal : the table was not set ( ) and they wouldn't even wash their hands after eating. Another meal was snack, but it is not certain that it really differed from the prandium. The real meal was instead the evening one, coena.

levem et facilem

cum sale panis Latrantem stomachum bene leniet

Panis deinde siccus et sine mensa prandium, post quod non sunt lavandae manus

sine mensa

JENTACULUM

Surgite: iam vendit pueris ientacula pistorCristataeque sonant undique lucis aves ( Martial, Epigrammata, Liber 14,223)

Get up: the baker sells breakfast to the boy Everywhere, roosters crow at the arrival of the morning.

Marziale reveals the children’s breakfast: a breakfast made of sweet pastries ( ), probably cooked in fat, bought on the way to school

Adipata

Martial makes us discover the breakfast of adults

Si sine carne voles ientacula sumere frugi, Haec tibi Vestino de gregge massa venit (Martial, Epigrammata, Liber 13, 31)

If you want to have a light breakfast without meat, here is the cheese that comes from the dressed sheep

At breakfast, the Romans ate meat or cheese. Sometimes even cheese instead of meat. Certainly, breakfast is a frugal meal, to consume quickly but with hearty foods like Vestini cheese, a strong cheese (as the term massa indicates)