Art Education History & Public Art

Jasmyne Wall

Art Education History & Public Art

1876

1876

1882

1800s

Exposition in Philadelphia

Syracuse University establishes College of Fine Arts

Industrial Art Teachers Association founded

School's Role in Society

1876

1877

1885

1830

Philadelphia Museum of Art is founded.

Art Students' League established in NYC

Isaac Edwards Clarke

Horace Mann's Reports

Jasmyne Wall

Art Education History & Public Art

1901

1910

1929

1893

Toledo Museum founded, spreading art education

Eastern Art & Manual Training Teachers Association's

Museum of Modern Art (MOMA) founded in New York City

World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago

1902

1927

1935

1896

NEA Committee of Ten reports on elementary art education

Alfred H. Barr lectures at Wellesley College

Progressive Education journal theme on Arts in Education

The Lotos. Art Education monthly magazine published

Jasmyne Wall

Art Education History & Public Art

1934

1958

1973

1970s

1938

Diverse Curriculum Alternatives

John Dewey wrote, Art as Experience

Public television as a platform to introduce art

Art directors exhibit child art in Rockefeller Center

Post-World War II Educational Shifts

Resources

Highsmith, C. M. (2016, October 2). *The Toledo Museum of Art in Toledo, Ohio was founded by Toledo glassmaker Edward Drummond Libbey in 1901 and moved to its current location, a Greek-revival building designed by Edward B. Green and Harry W. Wachter, in 1912.* [Photograph]. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. [Link](https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2016632485/) Johnston, F. B. (ca. 1902). *[Mechanical drawing class at Tuskegee Institute, ca. 1902]* [Photograph]. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. [Link](https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2014646488/) Hine, L. W. (1917, April). *Art class. Training School for Deaf Mutes. See 4843-4851. Location: Sulphur, Oklahoma.* [Photographic print]. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. [Link](https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2018678486/) O'Halloran, T. J. (1959, August 5). *U.S.S.R., Moscow, temporary Russian exhibit.* [Negative]. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. [Link](https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2012646639/) "I am not the husband, I'm the father!" / McKay. (between 1940 and 1960). *No fear* [Drawing]. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. [Link](https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2023632755/) Sarg, T. (1912). *No fear* [Drawing]. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. [Link](https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2023632755/) McKay, D. (between 1940 and 1960). *"I am not the husband, I'm the father!"* [Drawing]. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. (https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2005680421/)

"Photography and art." (1935-1940). *Photography and art.* [Photographic prints]. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. [Link](https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2005678994/) Latrobe, B. H. (1806). *United States Capitol, Washington, D.C. Ground story - stairs, Supreme Court, vestibule.* [Drawing]. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. [Link](https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2001697184/) The New York Times. (1973, September 7). TV: Channel A Starts 13‐Week Art Series Sunday [Photograph]. [Link](https://www.nytimes.com/1973/09/07/archives/tv-channel-a-starts-13week-art-series-sunday.html) The Art of Education. (n.d.). *Historical Perspectives in Art Education.* Retrieved from [Link](https://uploads.theartofeducation.edu/2015/06/Historical-Perspectives-in-Art-Education.pdf) Stankiewicz, M. A. (2001). Anyone can learn to draw. In M. A. Stankiewicz, *Roots of art education practice* (pp. 1-20). Davis Publications.

1894

Art Education, a monthly magazine, is published. This publication could disseminate ideas and practices in art education.

• Dissemination of art ideas.
• Periodical for educators.
• Connecting art professionals.

1882

Industrial Art Teachers Association founded. This organization signifies a focus on the intersection of art and industry, which could impact public spaces.

• Art's role in industry.
• Shaping industrial design.
• Integration of art.

1893

1893: World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago includes international exhibitions of visual arts and an International Congress of Art Instruction. This event had discussions and presentations related to art education and public art.

• International art discussions.
• Impact on art education.
• Showcasing global art.

1970s

During the 1970s, art educators explored diverse curriculum alternatives, such as "Artists in the Schools," "Environmental Arts," and "Art Therapy," in an effort to establish the relevance of art education for all students within the framework of public education.

1958

The aftermath of World War II saw conflicting ideologies in American schools. The Sputnik launch in 1957 led to educational reform with the National Defense Education Act, infusing federal money into public education. This event reflected the evolving goals of education, from job training to mass education, and emphasized equal opportunity for all American children.

1885

Art and Industry, Part One of a congressionally-mandated report on art education by Isaac Edwards Clarke, is published. This report likely influences the integration of art into education systems.

• Congressionally-mandated insights.
• Influence on art education.
• Addressing industrial connection.

1910

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• Professional art discussions.
• Influencing teaching practices.
• Regional art collaboration.

1876: Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia

Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia includes displays of industrial drawing from Massachusetts and Syracuse, New York, among others. This event highlights the integration of art into industrial and public contexts.

• Industrial drawing showcased.
• Intersection of art and industry.
• Public exposure to art.

1877

Art Students' League is established in New York City. Such institutions play a role in training artists who may contribute to public artworks.

The richly illustrated cartoon is by Dorothy McKay, née Jones, who trained at the California School of Art and the Art Students League in New York and quickly made her name as a humorous illustrator and cartoonist for such magazines as Esquire, the New Yorker, Life, and Colliers.

1936

John Dewey penned "Art as Experience," asserting that art serves as a conduit for cultivating general creative abilities, a concept with enduring relevance in the realm of public art.

• Progressive Education Advocate
• Integration of Art Across Curriculum

• Emphasis on the Artistic Process

1935

Photography as art. Photos not only captures the emotional connection between photographers and their subjects but also serves as a valuable tool for teaching students to appreciate the beauty in their world. Through patterns, forms, textures, and aesthetic elements, these images inspire tenderness and help students recognize the artistic elements in everyday life, fostering a deeper understanding of their surroundings.

1993

"Because for the Arts" initiated the use of public television as a platform to introduce art, theater, dance, critiques, artist interviews, and other art-centered events to a wider audience, contributing to a broader engagement with the arts among the American public.

1938

Art directors from thirty cities exhibit child art in New York's Rockefeller Center. This exhibition reflects efforts to recognize and celebrate children's artistic expression in public spaces.

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School's Role in Society

The establishment of schools as crucial institutions where individuals became part of a nation and fought battles for education and democracy set the stage for the transformative impact of education on society. American public schools, born out of conflict and experimentation, became a significant achievement, serving as the bedrock for fostering national identity and democratic principles.

1929

Museum of Modern Art (MOMA) founded in New York City. The establishment of museums like MOMA can impact public exposure to contemporary art.

• Focused on contemporary art.
• Public exposure to modernism.
• Influence on museum practices.

1876

Syracuse University establishes a College of Fine Arts with George Fisk Comfort as Dean. This reflects the growing recognition of the importance of fine arts in higher education.

• Recognition of fine arts.
• Higher education in arts.
• Shaping future artists.

1876: Philadelphia Museum of Art founded

• Enhancing public art accessibility.
• Cultural enrichment for citizens.
• Institutionalizing artistic heritage.

1902

NEA Committee of Ten reports on elementary art education.

1830

Building on the foundational role of schools, Horace Mann's annual reports in the 1830s emphasized the standardized aspects of common schools and advocated for equalizing education. Mann's efforts contributed to the shaping of a more uniform and equitable education system, solidifying the school's role in fostering societal equality and progress.

1927

Alfred H. Barr lectures on modern art at Wellesley College. Lectures on modern art contribute to changing perceptions of art in the public domain.

• Modern art discussions.
• Educational impact.
• Shaping perceptions.

1901

The Toledo Museum is founded, pioneering missionary efforts to spread the true gospel of art education in all the 'dark spots' of America. The museum offered programs aimed at teaching good taste, with a focus on making Toledo a better and more beautiful city. This initiative aligns with the broader historical context of integrating art education into communities for cultural enrichment and civic beautification.