Arduino Posters

Arduino UNO

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TX – RX indicator

TX stands for transmit, and RX for receive. These are indicator LEDs which blink whenever the UNO board is transmitting or receiving data.

• Now that you have explored the Arduino UNO board, you have started your journey toward building your first IoT prototype. In the next article, we will discuss Arduino programming and do a few experiments with Arduino and LEDs.

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A “voltage regulator” in an Arduino UNO ensures a stable and consistent voltage supply to the board and its components, regardless of input variations, protecting them from damage due to fluctuations and ensuring reliable performance.

Digital pins

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You can find these pins labeled “Digital 0 to 13.” These pins can be used as either input or output pins. When used as output, these pins act as a power supply source for the components connected to them. When used as input pins, theyread the signals from the component connected to them. When digital pins are used as output pins, they supply 40 milliamps of current at 5 volts, which is more than enough to light an LED. Some of the digital pins are labeled with tilde (~) symbol next to the pin numbers (pin numbers 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11). These pins act as normal digital pins but can also be used for Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM), which simulates analog output like fading an LED in and out.

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Atmega328P microcontroller

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It is the most prominent black rectangular chip with 28 pins. Think of it as the brains of your Arduino. The microcontroller used on the UNO board is Atmega328P by Atmel ( a major microcontroller manufacturer). Atmega328P has the following components in it:

• Flash memory of 32KB. The program loaded from Arduino IDE is stored here.
• RAM of 2KB. This is a runtime memory.
• CPU: It controls everything that goes on within the device. It fetches the program instructions from flash memory and runs them with the help of RAM.
• Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM) of 1KB. This is a type of nonvolatile memory, and it keeps the data even after device restart and reset.

Analog input pins

The Arduino UNO board has 6 analog input pins, labeled “Analog 0 to 5.” These pins can read the signal from an analog sensor like a temperature sensor and convert it into a digital value so that thesystem understands. These pins just measure voltage and not the current because they have very high internal resistance. Hence, only a small amount of current flows through these pins.

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• Although these pins are labeled analog and are analog input by default, these pins can also be used for digital input or output.