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APOL1-Mediated Kidney Disease (AMKD) Infographic

About AMKD

APOL1 &Kidney Disease

Test for Kidney Disease

Genetic Testing

Reasons for Genetic Testing

Managing your Health

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This content is provided for informational use only and is not intended as medical advice or as a substitute for the medical advice of a healthcare professional.

About AMKD

AMKD is a type of kidney disease caused by variants

(changes) in the APOL1 (apolipoprotein L1) gene.

The APOL1 gene

• We all inherit two copies of the APOL1 gene, one from our mother and one from our father.

• The gene codes (or contains instructions) for making a protein involved in the immune system.

APOL1 and kidney disease

Studies have shown a higher risk for kidney disease with two APOL1 risk variants, known as G1 and G2.

• It is believed that APOL1 variants arose as protection from certain parasites in Western and Central Africa thousands of years ago, but some variants can also raise kidney disease risk.

• Kidney disease can be the result of multiple factors.

Tests for kidney disease

• Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR): A blood test that checks how well the kidneys are functioning.
• Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR): A urine test that checks for high protein (albumin) in the urine, which is a sign of kidney damage.
• Other tests (kidney biopsy, ultrasound, or CT scan) may be used if more information is needed for a diagnosis.

Genetic testing

• Genetic testing is the only way to find out if a person has APOL1 variants (G1, G2) with higher risk for AMKD.

• APOL1 gene testing can be ordered by a physician or genetic counselor.

• The test uses a sample of blood or saliva to look for gene variants (changes in the gene).

• Samples are sent to a lab which determines whether they contain an APOL1 risk variant that causes kidney disease (G1, G2).

Reasons for genetic testing

The decision to have a genetic test is made in consultation with a healthcare professional.

Possible reasons to have a genetic test include:

• Help diagnose AMKD
• Check if a person is at higher risk for AMKD
• Find out if family members are at risk for AMKD
• Can be considered for living kidney donor candidates. Any decisions should include a discussion with your healthcare team.

Managing your health

Your healthcare team will work with you to create a treatment plan to help manage your health.

These steps may include:

• Regular medical visits
• Taking your prescribed medicines
• Exercise or physical activity
• Healthier eating, such as lowering salt in your diet

Studies on new treatments for AMKD and related kidney diseases are ongoing. You can speak with your healthcare team for more information on clinical trials and if it would be right for you.

Resources

• Social Determinants of Health and Chronic Kidney Disease

• Chronic Kidney Disease

• Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)

• Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR)

• Kidney Tests

• Clinical trials

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