GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES – COMPLEX FORMS

I would like to see you once more.

GERUNDS

To start a sentence as a subject

Example: Renting a flat is too expensive for many young adults Taking English classes is always a good thing

USEFUL VERBS + ING

Avoid You should avoid going to the city centre by car 🚙 Regret I regret staying up late 🕒 Suggest The professor suggested researching in safe places such as the British council website Admit She admitted leaving the office at 4 to meet her lover. Recommend I recommend watching the new season of stranger things 📺 Deny He denies knowing her

Simple, continuous and perfect infinitives and gerunds We use the perfect infinitive or the perfect gerund to emphasize that the action is complete or in the past. Simple gerund vs perfect gerund There is usually no difference between using the simple gerund or the perfect gerund because the context usually makes it clear when the action happened. He denied stealing the money. (=It’s clear the money was stolen before denying it) He denied having stolen the money. She regretted marrying too early. (=It’s clear she married before regretting it) She regretted having married too early. ⚠ But sometimes there is a difference in meaning between using the simple gerund or the perfect gerund. He denied being married. (=he denied that he was married ‘now’, at the time of the denial) He denied having been married. (=he denied that he had been married before, in the past)

LIKES

DISLIKES

Enjoy Love Fancy Like Prefer

Hate Dislike Can´t stand Don't mind

I hate doing sport in summer ☀ I can´t stand being ignored

I enjoy editing videos 📹

I love eating pizza 🍕 😋

AFTER A PREPOSITION

For/Of/At/In/On,etc

Apologise for I apologise for losing the keys 🗝 Insist on I insist on paying the bill Accuse of They are accusing me of stealing the money 💵 There is no point in There is no point in studying now, It´s too late

AFTER SPEND/WASTE+ TIME/MONEY/etc.

Spend He spends a lot of time playing with his kids Waste Don't waste your money buying in that store

AFTER MANY PHRASAL VERBS

Keep on Keep on trying! 💪 Take up I´ll take up playing basketball next month 🏀 Give up You should give up smoking 🚬 End up You will end up loosing your job if you keep on being late 🏃‍♀️

USE TO+INFINITIVETO EXPRESS PURPOSE

I´ll call her to tell her what happened 📱 We are going to the market to buy some food 🍲

Simple infinitive vs perfect infinitive As it happens with the gerund, sometimes there’s no difference between using the simple or the perfect forms of the infinitive. It was stupid of me to say anything on Twitter. It was stupid of me to have said anything on Twitter. However, there is usually a difference in meaning between using the simple or the perfect infinitive forms, and we need to use the perfect forms to make clear that the action expressed by the infinitive was previous to the action described by the main verb. I’m very glad to work here. (=now) I’m very glad to have worked here. (=in the past)

Continuous infinitive We use the continuous infinitive the express that the action is in progress around the time expressed by the main verb. I’m glad to be spending this weekend with you. You shouldn’t be doing this right now, should you? Perfect continuous infinitive We use the perfect continuous infinitive to express duration from earlier in the past towards the time expressed by the main verb. I’m glad to have been sharing my life with you. They are thought to have been hiding in the mountains.

Perfect infinitive after would like, would hate, would rather, would prefer We always use the perfect infinitive after would like, would hate, would rather, would prefer to refer to an earlier action or event. Compare: I would like to see you once more. (=in the future) I would like to have seen you once more. (=in the past) She would rather be with you. (=now) She would rather have been with you. (=in the past)

AFTER TOO/ENOUGH WITH AN ADJECTIVE

He is too young to be here He isn´t old enough to vote

AFTER MOST VERBS +PERSON VERB+ 😊+ TO INFINITIVE

I want you to stop!🛑 I invited Jane to come tonight I teach kids to spell words I want you to study more

AFTER WHAT,WHERE,WHEN,WHY,etc.

I don´t know what to do Can you tell us how to find the place?

AFTER CERTAIN VERBS

VERBS + TO INFINITIVE

afford agree, appear, be able, choose, decide, deserve, expect, happen, help, hesitate, hope. learn, make, manage, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, teach, tend, want.

Promise Mike promised to be here Refuse Nancy refuse to leave the building Decide I decided not to tell anyone

USEFUL PATTERNS

Requested Expected Supposed Required

+to+infinitive

YOU ARE...

You are expected to finish the project before Friday You are required to come to the meeting

When to use gerund or infinitive

5-It's no use______________to escape. This is a maximum security prison. a) to try b) trying c) try 6-I certainly won't miss_____________by him every day. a) bullying b) being bullied c) to be bullied 7-You are not supposed______________this now. a) to be doing b) to been doing c) beeing doing

Choose the correct gerunds and infinitives to complete the sentences below. 1-I would like________________by someone. a) to be loved b) to love c)being loved 2-The portrait is thought____________in 1595. a) to have been painted b) to be painted c) to be painting 3-The student apologised for________________into his teacher's Twitter account. a) being hacked b) hack c) having hacked 4-She was the first woman________________president. a) to be elected b) to elect c) being elected

8-I'd love_________________last night's performance. a) to be seen b) to be seeing c) to have seen 9-He denied_________________the money. a) to have stolen b) stealing c) having been stolen 10-Convicts can choose how__________________either by lethal injection or by electric chair. a) to be executed b) being executed c) to execute

Thank you students! 😊

TEACHER BRENDA RAMÍREZ 👩‍🏫✨

https://test-english.com/