Athens v. Sparta

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Ancient Greece

Athens vs. sparta

Government & Society

How do Athens and Sparta compare?

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Sparta

Where is Sparta?

• Located on the Peloponnesus Peninsula
• Mountains on 3 sides provided protection from invaders
• Located on fertile land- good for crops
• Agriculture (farming) based society
• Location made trade more difficult
• Did not establish colonies
• Conquered other city-states and enslaved their people so they could focus on military rather than farming
• Helots- enslaved people
• Spartans devoted time to military

Fun Fact

Sparta

Test

What do we know about Sparta so far?

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Sparta

Test

Question 1/5

What was Sparta surrounded by?

Mountains on three sides

Enemy city-states

Seas all around, it was an island

Sparta

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Question 2/5

What was Sparta's economic focus?

Trading

Education

Agriculture

Sparta

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Question 3/5

How did Spartans successfully farm if men were required to serve in the army?

They conquered neighboring city-states and enslaved their people as farmers

They allowed to men 40 years or older to stay home and farm

They established colonies and forced those living in the colonies to farm

Sparta

Test

Question 4/5

How old were boys when they left for the agoge?

15

10

Sparta

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Question 5/5

Why would Spartan boys be forced to work physical jobs and eat very little food?

They were trying to save food for everyone else and did not have enough workers

They were trying to prevent them from being strong enough to rebel against the government

They wanted to prepare them for the realitiest of war

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Sparta

• 650 BCE, helots rebelled against Spartans- rebels were crushed
• Leaders wanted to prevent future attacks
• Decided to focus on a military society for discipline and strength
• Government began preparing boys for war at age 7
• Learned to read, write, and use weapons at the agoge
• Treated harshly
• thought this would prepare the for war
• Entered regular army at 20
• Could marry, but had to stay in barracks until 30
• Retired from army around 60 years old

Military

Hoplon shield decorated with their company or regiment

Video

Greaves to protect the legs like shin guards

Sparta

Spartan Women

• Since men were away, women had more freedom than other city-states
• own property, travel
• Women trained in sporting- wrestling & javelin throwing
• Goal was to raise brave, strong sons who turned into soldiers
• Spartans must NEVER surrender- die or win
• "Come home carrying your shield, or be carried on it"
• "Sisterhoods"
• taught P.E., gymnastics, fighting skills
• At 18 had to pass fitness test, then would be assigned a husband & return home
• daughters were trained to run the household

Sparta

Spartan Government

• Oligarchy: had two kings
• lead armies & religious ceremonies
• Other government bodies:
• 1. Assembly
• 2. Council of Elders
• Assembly
• Male citizens over 30
• made decisions on war and peace
• Council of Elders
• most powerful
• judges
• only ones who could execute or exile
• Each year 5 people were elected ephors- enforced laws and collected taxes
• Strict government brought stability
• Fear of helot uprising= fearing new ideas

BTW

Athens

Where is Athens?

• Located northeast of Sparta- coast of Mainland Greece
• close to Peloponnesian peninsula, Aegean Sea
• Trade was easy due to geographic location
• Built a navy for protection
• Disadvantage of vulnerable to attacks from others since it was such an easy accessible location
• Founded by descendants of the Mycenaeans

Map

Athens

Education

• Educated males
• algebra, geometry, drawing, music, public speaking
• participated in sports
• Athenians believed this education would produce strong minds and bodies
• At 18, men were expected to participate in public life
• Mothers taught daughters at home & how to run a household: spinning, weaving, cleaning, cooking
• most wealthy families taught girls how to read
• Women not allowed in public or out of the house without a male companion

Athens

Athenian Democracy

• Cleisthenes made the assembly the city-states major governing body
• he created a council of elders with 500 members to help manage and organzie the assembly
• Athenians prefered a lottery system over an election
• feared election might favor the rich
• Terms on council were 1 year
• No one could serve more than 2 terms
• Every citizen had a chance to be a council member

Acropolis

Persia

Where is Persia?

• While Athens grew stronger, so did Persia
• Located in Southwest Asia (Mesopotamia)
• modern-day Iran
• Warriors and cattle herders
• Dynasty of kings made Persia powerful
• 500s BCE, Cyrus the Great built strong army
• began creating an empire with that army
• became largest in ancient world
• 540s BCE conquered Syria, Judah, Greek city-states in Asia Minor (Turkey)

The great?

Persia

How War Began

• Persian empire was difficult to rule due to the size- created satrapies
• each satrapy had a governor (satrap)-collected taxes, judged legal cases, managed police, and recruited soldiers
• Persia maintained full time army
• 10,000+ soldiers trained to protect king

• 400s BCE- Persians expanded into Europe & took over some Greek colonies
• 499 BCE Greeks revolted-Athens sent ships to help colonies, but Athens was defeated
• King Darius was angry Athens got involved and wanted to punish them

Athens v. Sparta

Check what you know

Go!

Athens v. Sparta

Test

Question 1/5

What was forbidden in Sparta?

Slavery

Stealing

Surrendering

Women owning property

Athens v. Sparta

Test

Question 2/5

Where was ancient Persian?

China

Mesopotamia

Egypt

India

Athens v. Sparta

Test

Question 3/5

How did Sparta's relationship with the helots affect their society?

Spartans stole academic knowledge, but took credit for it anyway.

They formed trading partnerships and agreed to protect one another.

Helots treated men and womean equal, so the Spartans adopted those beliefs.

Spartans enslaved the helots and forced them to farm so they could focus on the military.

Athens v. Sparta

Test

Question 4/5

Which statement best describes women in Sparta?

Completed knitting, sewing, and other craft projects.

Could be elected to a council of elders.

Completed physical training and could own property and travel.

Often worked in the fields as farmers.

Athens v. Sparta

Test

Question 5/5

Why did the Greeks and Persians have conflict?

The Persians would not convert to Greek religion.

The Greeks continued conquering Persian colonies.

The Greeks were angry that Cyrus let the Jews return to Judah.

The Persians conquered Greek colonies and Athens sent ships to help rebels.

Athens

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CLOSURE

This is the time to review and check if you have mastered the knowledge and skills.

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Closure/Summary

Key ideas to remember

Sparta was located near 3 mountains which made them isolated. Athens was along the coast, which helped them trade, but also made them vulnerable to invasions.

Athens had a democracy, hile Sparta had an oligarchy.

Greek city-states established colonies around the Mediterranean for more resources and territory to spread out.

Women in Sparta had more freedoms than women in Athens. (travel, own property)

Persia and the Greek city states were in conflict in the late 400s BCE.

Athens had a strong navy while Sparta had a strong army.

Closure/Summary

Review 1

Question 1/3

How did geography effect the development of Sparta and Athens?

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Closure/Summary

Review 1

Question 1/3

Sparta was surrounded by three mountains, which caused them to be isolated. This made trade difficult for the city-state. Sparta had fertile soil, but wanted to focus on their military. They conquered neighboring city-states and enslaved the people and forced them to farm. Athens was located along the coast of mainland Greece. Their location was good for trade, but also left them open to invasions. They created a strong navy to defend themselves.

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Closure/Summary

Review 2

Question 2/3

Athens created a ,which allowed citizens to vote, give speeches, and serve on juries in court cases. Requirements for citizenship included: male, 18 or older, born in Athens, free, and father was also a citizen. Only about 20% of the population was considered a citizen.

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Closure/Summary

Review 2

Question 2/3

Athens created a democracy,which allowed citizens to vote, give speeches, and serve on juries in court cases. Requirements for citizenship included: male, 18 or older, born in Athens, free, and father was also a citizen. Only about 20% of the population was considered a citizen.

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Closure/Summary

Review 3

Question 3/3

What are 3 similarities and differences between Athens and Sparta?

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Closure/Summary

Review 3

Question 3/3

Similarities: 1. Had elected/appointed assemblies 2. Spoke Greek, shared religion 3. Students had to learn reading, writing, poetry, and play sports Differences: 1. Spartan women had more freedom than Athenians 2. Athenian citizens had the right to vote, participate in government 3. Sparta focused on military, Athens focused on education

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Fun Fact

Spartan school for boys: agoge

What was it like?

The agoge was a system designed to mold boys into the perfect Spartan warrior. Boys were forced to leave home at 7 and attend school at the agoge. They lived in barracks, ate very little, exercised, learned music, dance, poetry, and stories about ancient heros. The goal was to produce well-rounded individuals who were successful on the battlefield and in society.

What is an acropolis?

"Acropolis" means "high city" in Greek and can refer to many rocky, elevated ground in Greece. The Acropolis in Athens is most famous. The Parthenon: temple that remains the star attraction of the Acropolis. It featured sculptures and statue of the goddess Athena.The Propylaea: entryway to the Acropolis that included a central building and two wings The Temple of Athena Nike: A small temple built as a shrine to Athena Nike. The Erechtheion: A sacred temple which honored Athena and several other gods and heroes The Statue of Athena Promachos: A gigantic (almost 30 feet tall) bronze statue of Athena that stood next to the Propylaea.

BTW

Why were they scared of ideas?

Spartans did not welcome foreign visitors and prevented citizens from traveling outside the city unless it was for military purposes. They discouraged studying art and literature. They wanted to keep a very traditional way of life. They continued using metal bars in place of coin money and thus remained a poor farming society.

Why is he so "Great?"

Cyrus is known as Cyrus "the Great" because he was a powerful leader of the Persian Empire. He was known as a fair ruler. The people he conquered were treated fairly and allowed to keep their language, religion, and laws. Cyrus even let the exiled Jews in Babylon return to Judah.