Biography presentation

Tools FOR SCHOOL

Creating Healthy Indoor Air Quality in Schools

CAUSES OF INDOOR PROBLEMS

INTRODUCTION

Relevant facts

Historical context

Conclusion

Famous quotes

timeline

timeline

Introduction

Understanding the importance of good indoor air quality (IAQ) in schools is the backbone of developing an effective IAQ program. Poor IAQ can lead to a large variety of health problems and potentially affect comfort, concentration, and staff/ student performance. In recognition of tight school budgets, this guidance is designed to present practical and often low-cost actions you can take to identify and address existing or potential air quality problems. You can accomplish this using current school staff to perform a limited and well-defined set of basic operations and maintenance activities. However, some actions may require specialized expertise.

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section 1 – Why IAQ Is Importantto your school

For the purposes of this guidance, the definition of good indoor air quality (IAQ) management includes:

• Control of airborne pollutants;
• Introduction and distribution of adequate outdoor air; and
• Maintenance of acceptable temperature and relative humidity.

Outdoor sources should also be considered since outdoor air enters school buildings through windows, doors, and ventilation systems. Thus, transportation and grounds maintenance activities become factors that affect indoor pollutant levels as well as outdoor air quality on school grounds.

Most people are aware that outdoor 1 air pollution can impact their health, but indoor air pollution can also have significant and harmful health effects. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) studies of human exposure to air pollutants indicate that indoor levels of pollutants may be two to five times—and occasionally more than 100 times—higher than outdoor levels. These levels of indoor air pollutants are of particular concern because most people spend about 90 percent of their time indoors.

Temperature and humidity cannot be overlooked because thermal comfort concerns underlie many complaints about “poor air quality.”

Why IAQ Is Importantto your school

• (such as cough,
• eye irritation,
• headache,
• allergic reactions, and, in rarer cases,
• life-threatening conditions such as Legionnaire’s disease,
• carbon monoxide poisoning)
• Aggravate asthma and other respiratory illnesses.

Nearly 1 in 13 children of school-age has asthma, the leading cause of school absenteeism due to chronic illness. problems can:

In recent years, comparative risk studies performed by EPA and its Science Advisory Board (SAB) have consistently ranked indoor air pollution among the top five environmental risks to public health. Good IAQ is an important component of a healthy indoor environment, and can help schools reach their primary goal of educating children.

There is substantial evidence that indoor environmental exposure to

• diesel exhaust from school
• buses and other vehicles exacerbates,
• asthma and allergies.
• allergens, such as dust mites, pests, and molds,

plays a role in triggering asthma symptoms. These allergens are common in schools.

Failure to prevent or respond promptly to IAQ problems can: Increase long- and short-term health problems for students and staff

Why IAQ Is Important to your school

There is also evidence that exposure to diesel exhaust from school buses and other vehicles exacerbates asthma and allergies. These problems can:

• Impact student attendance, comfort,
• and performance
• Reduce teacher and staff performance

• Accelerate the deterioration and
• reduce the efficiency of the school’s physical plant
• and equipment.
• Increase potential for school closings or
• relocation of occupants
• Strain relationships among
• school administration, parents, and staff.
• Create negative publicity.
• Impact community trust.
• Create liability problems.

Indoor air problems can be subtle and do not always produce easily recognized impacts on health, well-being, or the physical plant.

Symptoms, such as headache, fatigue, shortness of breath, sinus congestion, coughing, sneezing, dizziness, nausea, and irritation of the eye, nose, throat and skin, are not necessarily due to air quality deficiencies, but may also be caused by other factors—poor lighting, stress, noise, and more.

Why IAQ Is Important to your school

� Suppressed immune systems (due to radiation, chemotherapy, or disease); and • � Contact lenses.

Due to varying sensitivities among community. Many other aspects are unique school occupants,

� Asthma, allergies, or chemical sensitivities; • � Respiratory diseases; • .

IAQ problems may affect a group of people or just one individual. In addition, IAQ problems may affect people in different ways.

Individuals that may be particularly susceptible to effects of indoor air contaminants include, but are not limited to, people with: •

Primary Causes of Indoor Air Problems

Inadequate Ventilation

In addition, the developing bodies of children might be more susceptible to environmental exposures than those of adults.

Certain groups of people may be particularly vulnerable to exposures of certain pollutants or pollutant mixtures. For example: • � People with heart disease may be more adversely affected by exposure to carbon monoxide than healthy individuals. • � People exposed to significant levels of nitrogen dioxide are at higher risk for respiratory infections..

Children breathe more air, eat more food, and drink more liquid in proportion to their body weight than adults. Therefore, air quality in schools is of particular concern. Proper maintenance of indoor air is more than a “quality” issue; it encompasses safety and stewardship of your investment in students, staff, and facilities.

Introduction to Indoor Air Quality

Health Effects of Poor Air QAULITY

Immediate Effects

Some health effects may show up shortly after a single exposure or repeated exposures to a pollutant. These include irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, headaches, dizziness, and fatigue. Such immediate effects are usually short-term and treatable. Sometimes the treatment is simply eliminating the person's exposure to the source of the pollution, if it can be identified. Soon after exposure to some indoor air pollutants, symptoms of some diseases such as asthma may show up, be aggravated or worsened. exposures.

• Irritation of the eyes
• Nose, and throat.
• Dizziness,
• headaches
• fatigue

Certain immediate effects are similar to those from colds or other viral diseases, so it is often difficult to determine if the symptoms are a result of exposure to indoor air pollution. For this reason, it is important to pay attention to the time and place symptoms occur. If the symptoms fade or go away when a person is away from the area, for example, an effort should be made to identify indoor air sources that may be possible causes.

Some effects may be made worse by an inadequate supply of outdoor air coming indoors or from the heating, cooling or humidity conditions prevalent indoors.

Indoor Air Pollution and HealtH

Health Effects of Poor Air QAULITY

LONGTERM Effects

Other health effects may show up either years after exposure has occurred or only after long or repeated periods of exposure. These effects, which include some respiratory diseases, heart disease and cancer, can be severely debilitating or fatal. It is prudent to try to improve the indoor air quality in your home even if symptoms are not noticeable.

• Stroke, ischaemic heart disease:
• chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer.
• Exposure is particularly high among women and children.
• indoor smoke can have levels of fine particles 100 times higher than acceptable.

While pollutants commonly found in indoor air can cause many harmful effects, there is considerable uncertainty about what concentrations or periods of exposure are necessary to produce specific health problems. People also react very differently to exposure to indoor air pollutants. Further research is needed to better understand which health effects occur after exposure to the average pollutant concentrations found in homes and which occurs from the higher concentrations that occur for short periods of time.

Primary Causes of Indoor Air Problems

Inadequate Ventilation

Indoor pollution sources that release gases or particles into the air are the primary cause of indoor air quality problems. Inadequate ventilation can increase indoor pollutant levels by not bringing in enough outdoor air to dilute emissions from indoor sources and by not carrying indoor air pollutants out of the area. High temperature and humidity levels can also increase concentrations of some pollutants.

Pollutant Sources

Figure 4. Pollutant transmission between indoor and outdoor environments through crossflow natural ventilation.

Figure 1. Transmission of pollutants between indoor and outdoor environments.

Figure 2. Factors affecting transmission between indoor and outdoor environments:

Pollutant Sources

There are many sources of indoor air pollution. These can include:

• Fuel-burning combustion appliances
• Tobacco products
• Building materials and furnishings as diverse as:
• Deteriorated asbestos-containing insulation
• Newly installed flooring, upholstery or carpet
• Cabinetry or furniture made of certain pressed wood products
• Products for household cleaning and maintenance, personal care, or hobbies
• Central heating and cooling systems and humidification devices
• Excess moisture
• Outdoor sources such as:
• Radon
• Pesticides
• Outdoor air pollution.

Pollutant Sources

There are many sources of indoor air pollution. These can include:

The relative importance of any single source depends on how much of a given pollutant it emits and how hazardous those emissions are. In some cases, factors such as how old the source is and whether it is properly maintained are significant. For example, an improperly adjusted gas stove can emit significantly more carbon monoxide than one that is properly adjusted.

Some sources, such as;

• building materials
• furnishings and ;
• products like air fresheners, can release pollutants more or less continuously

Other sources, related to activities like;

• smoking,
• cleaning,
• redecorating or doing hobbies release pollutants intermittently.

Unvented or malfunctioning appliances or improperly used products can release higher and sometimes dangerous levels of pollutants indoors.

Pollutant concentrations can remain in the air for long periods after some activities.

Learn more about indoor air pollutants and sources of:

AsbestosBiological Pollutants Carbon Monoxide (CO) Formaldehyde/Pressed Wood Products Lead (Pb) Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Pesticides Radon (Rn) Indoor Particulate Matter Secondhand Smoke/ Environmental Tobacco Smoke Stoves and Heaters Fireplaces and Chimneys Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

Each year, 3.2 million people die prematurely from illnesses attributable to the household air pollution caused by the incomplete combustion of solid fuels and kerosene used for cooking (see household air pollution data for details).

INTRODUCTION

EPA's Indoor Environments Division (IED) provides guidance and programs to help build the capacity of communities to understand and avoid indoor and outdoor health impacts.

EPA's Indoor Environments Division (IED) provides guidance and programs to help build the capacity of communities to understand and avoid indoor and outdoor health impacts.

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Introduction

Diagnosis

Pathology

Data

Treatment

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Conclusion

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Famous quotes

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Did you know?

90% of our lives is spent indoors so it is It is essential to expand use of clean fuels and technologies to reduce household air pollution and protect health.

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Maintain good IAQ In Schools

• Control of airborne pollutants;;
• Introduction and distribution of adequate outdoor air;
• Maintenance of acceptable temperature and relative humidity

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