FIELD HOCKEY

FIELD HOCKEY

Presentación

BY : LAILA AL JALLAD, MARIA CASTRO, FRANCISCO, BEATRIZ MUÑOZ, PAULA MORENO

01

ORIGING AND HISTORY

INDEX

1. ORIGING AND HISTORY

2. RULES OF HOCKEY

3. CHAMPIONSHIPS

4. BIBLIOGRAFY

1.1 DEFINITION OF THE FIELD HOCKEY

Field hockey, also known as grass hockey, is a sport in which two rival teams compete, each consisting of eleven players, with the objective of scoring goals by hitting a ball into the opposing team's goal using a stick. It is through this stick that teams attempt to control the ball. The objective is to score more goals than the opposing team by the end of the regulation game time.

1.2 HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT

At the end of the 18th century, the first field hockey association was formed. The national teams of India and Pakistan were the dominant forces in the world of this sport for many decades. In 1924, the International Hockey Federation (FIH) was established. In 1982, men's and women's games were unified under the auspices of the FIH, which by the 1990s had more than a hundred member countries. For a long time, the sport was dominated by India and Pakistan, who won all the Olympic tournaments from 1928 to 1968. However, teams from other countries have emerged later, breaking the international dominance held by Indians and Pakistanis. This includes teams from the Netherlands, Germany, New Zealand, England, Spain, Argentina, and Australia.

The first version of this sport was created in ancient Greece, but its resurgence occurred in the 14th century in England. However, it was soon banned as a "leisure sport" at that time. Despite the ban, field hockey resurfaced in England in the 18th century and quickly spread throughout the country. The first field hockey club, the Blackheath Hockey Club, was founded in 1849 and marked a significant milestone in the history of this sport.

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1.3 TYPES AND DIFERENCES

The most common types of hockey are ice hockey, field hockey (also known as grass hockey), and roller hockey.

Ice Hockey: This type of hockey is played on an ice rink, and players use ice skates to move around. They use a rubber disc (puck) as the object passed and shot in the game. Teams typically consist of six players each: one goalkeeper and five field players.

Field Hockey: It is played on a surface of natural or artificial grass. Players use hockey sticks to hit a small, hard ball. This sport is primarily played outdoors, although there are also indoor competitions.

Roller Hockey: This type of hockey is played on a surface similar to ice hockey, but with roller skates instead of ice skates. Players use a plastic puck or a inline hockey ball to play. It can be played indoors or outdoors.

Underwater Hockey: It is played on the bottom of a pool with teams of six players. Players use short sticks and a paddle to control a puck and score in the opposing team's goal. It is a high-intensity water sport that requires diving skills and endurance.

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1.4 IMPACT OF THE ICED HOCKEY IN THE UNITED STATES

Ice hockey arrived in the United States in the late 19th century, specifically in the 1890s. The first teams and leagues were established in cities like Boston, Massachusetts, and Detroit, Michigan. However, the sport began to gain significant popularity in the early decades of the 20th century.

The impact of ice hockey in the United States has been notable in several aspects:

1. Sport Growth: Over the years, ice hockey has become an increasingly popular sport in the United States. The creation of professional leagues like the NHL (National Hockey League) in 1917 contributed to the growth and exposure of the sport nationally.

2. Sport Culture: Ice hockey has been integrated into American sports culture, especially in cities where NHL teams have passionate fan bases. Teams like the Boston Bruins, Chicago Blackhawks, and Detroit Red Wings have developed loyal followings and have contributed to the sporting identity of their cities.

3. Economic Impact: Ice hockey has had a significant economic impact in the United States through revenue generation from ticket sales, merchandise, sponsorships, and television broadcasting rights. NHL teams and other levels of professional and amateur hockey contribute to the local and national economy.

4. Talent Development: The United States has produced a considerable amount of talent in ice hockey, with standout players finding success both nationally and internationally. The development of youth and collegiate hockey programs has contributed to the sport's growth and the formation of future stars.

1.5 WOMEN IN THE WORLD OF ICE HOCKEY

The role of women in ice hockey in the United States has experienced significant growth in recent decades. Although historically dominated by men, women have played an important role in the development and promotion of the sport in the country. Women are playing an increasingly important role in ice hockey in the United States, both as players and in leadership and promotional roles. Their contribution to the sport is helping to expand its reach and encourage the participation of women and girls at all levels of the game.

The most important women in the world of hockey are: Hayley Wickenheiser: One of the most recognized players in women's ice hockey. She won four Olympic gold medals with the Canadian national team and is considered one of the best players of all time. Angela Ruggiero: Outstanding American ice hockey player, Ruggiero won four Olympic medals (one gold, two silver, and one bronze) and was a prominent figure on the United States national team for over a decade. Cammi Granato: A pioneer in women's hockey, Granato was the captain of the United States national team and won a gold medal at the 1998 Nagano Olympics. She is also a member of the Hockey Hall of Fame. Marie-Philip Poulin: Star player of the Canadian women's national hockey team. She is known for her ability in crucial moments, such as her outstanding performance at the Olympics, where she has led Canada to multiple gold medals. Angela James: Considered one of the greatest ice hockey players of all time, James is known for her goal-scoring ability and her impact on the development of women's hockey in Canada. Hilary Knight: Prominent American ice hockey player, Knight has been a key figure on the United States national team for years, winning Olympic medals and being a leader in the sport's growth.

THE BEST ICE HOCKEY WOMEN PLAYER : MARIE - PHILIP POULIN

1.6 ANGLICISM OF HOCKEY

Bully: If the game stops naturally, one person from each team participates in a bully to restart the game. Players tap their sticks 3 times, alternating between the ground and the other stick before going for the ball. Tackle: Attempt to take the ball away from an opponent using the stick. Jabbing: It is a tactic used by a defender to constantly hit the ball and force a turnover. Scooping: Refers to the movement in which a player places the head of the stick under the ball and pushes it forward while lifting it in the air. The Flick: It is a type of stick movement that lifts the ball off the ground. The ball must not be raised more than 18 inches (45 cm) in the air

Idioms:

pylon: A defending player who doesn’t move much. chirp: To talk trash to opponents abiscuit: The puck.Egg: when the game ends 0-0 Sieve: a goaltender who allows a lot of goals, usually referred to as being full of holes

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02

RULES OF HOCKEY

2.1 MAIN CHARACTERISTIS OF THE GAME

SCORING:

A goal is scored when the ball crosses the goal line within the goalposts and beneath the crossbar. The team with the most goals at the end of the game wins.

FOULS AND MISCONDUCT:

TEAMS :

Fouls in field hockey include obstruction, dangerous play, backsticks (using the rounded side of the stick), and physical contact with opponents. Players who commit fouls may be penalized with free hits, penalty corners, or cards (green, yellow, or red) depending on the severity of the offense.

Each team consists of 11 players, including a goalkeeper. Substitutes can be made throughout the game.

OBJETIVES :

The objective of the game is to score goals by hitting the ball into the opposing team's net using a hockey stick.

GOALKEEPER RULES :

GAME DURATION :

The goalkeeper is the only player allowed to use their feet, hands, or any part of their body to defend the goal. They wear protective equipment, including pads and a helmet.

A standard field hockey match is typically divided into two halves, each lasting 35 or 40 minutes, depending on the level of play. There is a halftime break between the halves.

FIELD DIMENTIONS

STARTING PLAY :

The standard field hockey field is 91.4 meters long and 55 meters wide. The goal cages are positioned at each end.

The game starts with a pass-back or a pushback from the center of the field. The team that wins the coin toss chooses which direction to attack first.

2.2 POSITIONS AND ROLES

1. GOALKEEPER
2. DEFENSIVE LINE
3. CENTRAL DEFENDER
4. LEFT BACK
5. RIGHT BACK
6. DEFENSIVE MIDFIELDER
7. MIDFIELDER / PIVOT
8. INTERIORS
9. RIGHT AND LEFT WINGERS
10. OFFENSIVE LINE
11. CENTER FORWARD
12. WINGERS

2.3 TECHNICAL ASPECTS

Passing: Precise passing is crucial for team play and goal-scoring opportunities.

Tackling: Defensive skill to dispossess opponents of the ball.

Receiving: Controlling the ball upon receiving passes from teammates.

Shooting: Striking the ball with accuracy and power towards the goal.

2.4 EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

MATERIALS

HOCKEY FIELD

Hockey Stick: A J-shaped stick with a curved end, used to hit and control the ball.

The field hockey pitch is rectangular and typically made of natural or artificial turf. It is 100 yards in length and 60 yards in width. The field is marked with lines, including a shooting circle and a striking circle, creating a diamond-shaped layout. Dribbling: Controlling and maneuvering the ball while running.

Ball: A hard, small ball designed for play on the field.

Shin Guards: Protective gear for the shins to prevent injuries.

Mouthguard: Protects the teeth and mouth during play.

Goalkeeper Equipment: Includes additional protective gear such as a helmet, leg guards, and a chest protector.

2.4 REFEREEING AND CATEGORIES

The referee plays a crucial role, they are in charge of enforcing the rules of the game, maintaining order, controlling the time, and communicating with players and coaches. In some matches, there may be assistant referees, who assist the main referee in making decisions..

Field hockey matches are officiated by referees who enforce the rules. The sport is played at various levels, including:Youth and Amateur Leagues: Catering to beginners and enthusiasts. Collegiate Level: Field hockey is a popular sport at many colleges and universities. International Competitions: The highest level of play, including events like the Hockey World Cup and the Olympic Games. Men's and Women's Divisions: Field hockey is played by both men and women at all levels, each with .

03

CHAMPIONSHIPS

3.1 THE MOST IMPORTANT CHAMPIONSHIPS

FIH Hockey World Cup

CHAMPIONS TROPHY

OLYMPICS GAMES

3.2 MOST IMPORTANT PLAYERS AND CLUBS

Pol Amat(España)

Teun de Nooijer (Países Bajos)

Leagues of Spain: Liga Española de Hockey Copa del Rey y Copa de la Reina Torneo Internacional de España

Georgina Oliva(España)

Luciana Aymar (Argentina)

04

BIBLIOGRAPHY

4.1BIBLIOGRAPHY

• https://sportsfoundation.org/
• https://www.hockeyhierba.es/
• https://bet-ibc.com/
• https://www.aprendedeporte.com/
• https://olympics.com/
• https://www.euston96.com/
• https://redesdeportivas.es/